daohang fenxiangbox searchbox qikanlogonew daohangnew searchboxnew navrightzone footerzone paper

A novel design of wheel-propeller based aerial-ground amphibious transportation platform AITranslate

1.Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
2.Ningbo Institute of Technology, Beihang University, Ningbo 315800, China
3.School of Transportation Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100091, China
4.College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100020, China
AITranslate
Publisher: Youke Publish Co., Ltd.
Share Citation Information Add to Favorites Download PDF

    Scan to share on WeChat or Moments

Use WeChat scan.
Share with WeChat friends or Moments

Abstract AITranslate

Benefiting from the synergistic integration of aerial agility and terrestrial endurance, aerial-ground amphibious platforms can effectively traverse unstructured environments, demonstrating considerable potential for emergency response and reconnaissance applications. However, most existing systems adopt a decoupled configuration, utilizing independent propulsion units for ground and aerial modes. Although this approach enables dual-domain operation, the duplicated actuators and transmission chains inevitably incur structural redundancy and additional mass, which reduce overall system integration and payload efficiency. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel aerial-ground amphibious platform based on an integrated wheel-propeller structure. In the proposed design, a single electric motor actuates both the wheel and ducted propeller through a shared powertrain, where an electromagnetic clutch selectively engages the transmission path to switch between terrestrial locomotion and aerial propulsion. Building upon this mechanism, an amphibious platform configuration incorporating eight-wheel-propeller units is developed. By establishing a dynamic simulation model of the platform, the dynamic response characteristics during the drive-to-fly transition were investigated. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the operational principle underpinning the platform. The research provides a feasible technical approach for lightweight and highly integrated aerial-ground platforms, laying the foundation for future experimental implementation.

KeyWords AITranslate

aerial-ground amphibious transportation platform electromagnetic clutches multimodal locomotion wheel-propeller structure

1.A. Fabris, S. Kirchgeorg, and S. Mintchev, "A Soft Drone with Multi-modal Mobility for the Exploration of Confined Spaces," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR), 48–54, IEEE, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1109/SSRR53300.2021.9597683.

2.L. Quan, L. Han, B. Zhou, S. Shen, and F. Gao, "Survey of UAV Motion Planning," IET Cyber-Systems and Robotics 2, no. 1 (2020): 14–21, https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-csr.2020.0004.

3.K. Rajashekara, Q. Wang, and K. Matsuse, "Flying Cars: Challenges and Propulsion Strategies," IEEE Electrification Magazine 4, no. 1 (2016): 46–57, https://doi.org/10.1109/MELE.2015.2509901.

4.N. P. Hariram, A. Megalingam, and K. Sudhakar, "Flying Cars and Hyperloops: A Glimpse into the Future Sustainable Vehicles," Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 75 (2025): 104196, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2025.104196.

5.A. Kasliwal, N. J. Furbush, J. H. Gawron, et al., "Role of Flying Cars in Sustainable Mobility," Nature Communications 10 (2019): 1555, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09426-0.

6.A. T. Wick, J. R. Hooker, and C. H. Zeune, "Integrated Aerodynamic Benefits of Distributed Propulsion," paper presented at the 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Kissimmee, USA, January 5–9, 2015, https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1500.

7.H. J. Terry Suh, X. Xiong, A. Singletary, A. D. Ames, and J. W. Burdick, "Energy-Efficient Motion Planning for Multi-Modal Hybrid Locomotion," in Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 7027–7033, IEEE, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS45743.2020.9340761.

8.A. P. Cohen, S. A. Shaheen, and E. M. Farrar, "Urban Air Mobility: History, Ecosystem, Market Potential, and Challenges," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 22, no. 9 (2021): 6074–6087, https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2021.3082767.

9.H. Wei, B. Lou, Z. Zhang, B. Liang, F. Y. Wang, and C. Lv, "Autonomous Navigation for eVTOL: Review and Future Perspectives," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 9, no. 2 (2024): 4145–4171, https://doi.org/10.1109/TIV.2024.3352613.

10.G. Pan and M. S. Alouini, "Flying Car Transportation System: Advances, Techniques, and Challenges," IEEE Access 9 (2021): 24586–24603, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3056798.

11.N. Swaminathan, S. R. P. Reddy, K. RajaShekara, and K. S. Haran, "Flying Cars and eVTOLs–Technology Advancements, Powertrain Architectures, and Design," IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 8, no. 4 (2022): 4105–4117, https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2022.3172960.

12.A. M. Stoll and J. Bevirt, "Development of eVTOL Aircraft for Urban Air Mobility at Joby Aviation," paper presented at the Vertical Flight Society 78th Annual Forum & Technology Display, Texas, USA, May 10–12, 2022, https://doi.org/10.4050/F-0078-2022-17528.

13.Q. Tan, X. Zhang, H. Liu, S. Jiao, M. Zhou, and J. Li, "Multimodal Dynamics Analysis and Control for Amphibious Fly-Drive Vehicle," IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 26, no. 2 (2021): 621–632, https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2021.3056095.

14.P. Marques, "Urban Air Mobility Aircraft -A fusion of Art and Technology," paper presented at the IEEE Aerospace Conference, Montana, USA, March 6–13, 2021.

15.A. Tagliabue, S. Schneider, M. Pavone, and A. Agha-mohammadi, "Shapeshifter: A Multi-Agent, Multi-Modal Robotic Platform for Exploration of Titan," in Proceedings of the IEEE Aerospace Conference, 1–13, IEEE, https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO47225.2020.9172739.

16.N. Pan, J. Jiang, R. Zhang, C. Xu, and F. Gao, "Skywalker: A Compact and Agile Air-Ground Omnidirectional Vehicle," IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 8, no. 5 (2023): 2534–2541, https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2023.3256920.

17.M. Cao, X. Xu, S. Yuan, K. Cao, K. Liu, and L. Xie, "DoubleBee: A Hybrid Aerial-Ground Robot with Two Active Wheels," in Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROSx), 6962–6969, IEEE, 2023, https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS55552.2023.10341984.

18.N. B. David, and D. Zarrouk, "Design and Analysis of FCSTAR, a Hybrid Flying and Climbing Sprawl Tuned Robot," IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 6, no. 4 (2021): 6188–6195, https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2021.3077851.

19.A. Ramezani, P. Dangol, E. Sihite, A. Lessieur, and P. Kelly, "Generative Design of NU's Husky Carbon, A Morpho-Functional, Legged Robot," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA), 4040–4046, IEEE, 2021, https://doi.org/0.1109/ICRA48506.2021.9561196.

20.K. Peterson and R. S. Fearing, "Experimental Dynamics of Wing Assisted Running for a Bipedal Ornithopter," in Proceedings of the IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 5080–5086, IEEE, 2011, https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2011.6095041.

21.K. Peterson, P. Birkmeyer, R. Dudley, and R.S. Fearing, "A Wing-Assisted Running Robot and Implications for Avian Flight Evolution," Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 6, no. 4 (2011): 046008, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/6/4/046008.

22.J. B. Richard, J. B. Frank, V. Ravi, G. I. Peter, and D. Q. Roger, "A Biologically Inspired Micro-Vehicle Capable of Aerial and Terrestrial Locomotion," Mechanism and Machine Theory 44, no. 3 (2009): 513–526, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2008.08.008.

23.M. Zhao, T. Anzai, and T. Nishio, "Design, Modeling, and Control of a Quadruped Robot SPIDAR: Spherically Vectorable and Distributed Rotors Assisted Air-Ground Quadruped Robot," IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 8, no. 7 (2023): 3923–3930, https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2023.3272285.

24.A. Kalantari and M. Spenko, "Modeling and Performance Assessment of the HyTAQ, a Hybrid Terrestrial/Aerial Quadrotor," IEEE Transactions on Robotics 30, no. 5 (2014): 1278–1285, https://doi.org/10.1109/TRO.2014.2337555.

25.Y. Zhang, Y. Qian, and W. Zhuge, "Unsettled Topics Concerning Flying Cars for Urban Air Mobility," SAE Research Report (2021): EPR2021011, https://doi.org/10.4271/EPR2021011.

26.K. Shi, Z. Jiang, L. Ma, L. Qi, and M. Jin, "MTABot: An Efficient Morphable Terrestrial-Aerial Robot with Two Transformable Wheels," IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 9, no. 2 (2024): 1875–1882, https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2024.3349962.

27.J. Yang, Y. Zhu, L. Zhang, Y. Dong, and Y. Ding, "SytaB: A Class of Smooth-Transition Hybrid Terrestrial/Aerial Bicopters," IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 7, no. 4 (2022): 9199–9206, https://doi.org/10.1109/LRA.2022.3190099.

28.A. Kalantari, T. Thomas, K. leon, et al., "Drivocopter: A Concept Hybrid Aerial/Ground Vehicle for Long-Endurance Mobility," IEEE Aerospace Conference, Montana, USA, March 1–10, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO47225.2020.9172782.

29.E. Sihite, A. Kalantari, R. Nemovi, A. Ramezani, and M. Gharib, "Multi-Modal Mobility Morphobot (M4) with Appendage Repurposing for Locomotion Plasticity Enhancement," Nature communications 14, no. 1 (2023): 3323, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-39018-y.

30.A. T. Perry, P. J. Ansell, and M. F. Kerho, "Aero-Propulsive and Propulsor Cross-Coupling Effects on a Distributed Propulsion System," Journal of Aircraft 55, no. 6 (2018): 2179–2572, https://doi.org/10.2514/1.C034861.

31.N.V. Kornev and K. Matveev, "Complex Numerical Modeling of Dynamics and Crashes of Wing-in-Ground Vehicles," paper presented at the 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, USA, January 6–9, 2003, https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-600.

Basic Information:

DOI:10.23919/CHAIN.2026.000010

Chinese Library Classification Number:

Citation Information:

Benefiting from the synergistic integration of aerial agility and terrestrial endurance, aerial-ground amphibious platforms can effectively traverse unstructured environments, demonstrating considerable potential for emergency response and reconnaissance applications. However, most existing systems adopt a decoupled configuration, utilizing independent propulsion units for ground and aerial modes. Although this approach enables dual-domain operation, the duplicated actuators and transmission chains inevitably incur structural redundancy and additional mass, which reduce overall system integration and payload efficiency. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel aerial-ground amphibious platform based on an integrated wheel-propeller structure. In the proposed design, a single electric motor actuates both the wheel and ducted propeller through a shared powertrain, where an electromagnetic clutch selectively engages the transmission path to switch between terrestrial locomotion and aerial propulsion. Building upon this mechanism, an amphibious platform configuration incorporating eight-wheel-propeller units is developed. By establishing a dynamic simulation model of the platform, the dynamic response characteristics during the drive-to-fly transition were investigated. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the operational principle underpinning the platform. The research provides a feasible technical approach for lightweight and highly integrated aerial-ground platforms, laying the foundation for future experimental implementation.

quote

GB/T 7714-2015 [1] Peng Dong, Wantong Zhao, He Zou, et al. A novel design of wheel-propeller based aerial-ground amphibious transportation platform[J]. Chain, 2026, 3(2): 204-213. DOI:10.23919/CHAIN.2026.000010.
MLA [1] Peng Dong, et al., "A novel design of wheel-propeller based aerial-ground amphibious transportation platform." Chain, vol. 3, no. 2, 2026, pp. 204-213, https://doi.org/10.23919/CHAIN.2026.000010.
APA [1] Peng Dong, Wantong Zhao, He Zou, Rongze Yi, Cunhao Zhang, Haiying Lin, Huijun Yue, & Junbin Lai. (2026). A novel design of wheel-propeller based aerial-ground amphibious transportation platform. Chain, 3(2), 204-213. https://doi.org/10.23919/CHAIN.2026.000010
IEEE [1] Peng Dong, Wantong Zhao, He Zou, Rongze Yi, Cunhao Zhang, Haiying Lin, Huijun Yue, and Junbin Lai, "A novel design of wheel-propeller based aerial-ground amphibious transportation platform," Chain, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 204-213, 2026, doi: 10.23919/CHAIN.2026.000010. keywords: {aerial-ground amphibious transportation platform;electromagnetic clutches;multimodal locomotion;wheel-propeller structure}