Covalent organic frameworks with multiple redox-active sites for aqueous zinc-ion batteries AITranslate

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Basic Information:

DOI：10.23919/CHAIN.2025.000014

Chinese Library Classification Number:

Citation Information:

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted increasing interest due to their intrinsic safety and low cost, yet their energy density remains limited by the lack of suitable cathode materials. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), with tunable porosity, structural diversity, and redox-site designability, have emerged as promising AZIBs cathodes. The integration of multiple redox-active sites, such as carbonyl (C=O) and imine (C=N) groups, enables stepwise multi-electron transfer, offering a pathway to higher capacity and voltage output. This review systematically categorizes COFs into n-type, p-type, and bipolar systems based on redox-active moieties and analyzes their charge storage behaviors through cyclic voltammetry (CV). We focus on how the spatial arrangement and electronic nature of C=O/C=N sites influence one-, two-, or three-step electron transfer, as well as Zn²⁺ and H⁺ co-insertion mechanisms. Electrochemical performances, redox kinetics, molecular structure, and electrolyte adaptability are also discussed in detail. By elucidating the structure-mechanism relationships of redox-active COFs, this review highlights molecular design principles that enhance redox-site utilization and energy density. The insights provided herein aim to guide the development of next-generation, high-performance organic cathodes for multi-electron AZIBs.