《稀有金属与硬质合金》创刊于1973年,是中文核心期刊,致力于稀有金属冶金与材料领域的科研创新与产业应用。本刊坚持“传播先进科技成果,引领创新,贴近科研与生产”的办刊宗旨,为科研人员及工程技术人员提供高水平的学术交流平台。为提升学术成果传播效率,缩短出版周期,本刊已于2025年7月1日起正式开通中国知网(CNKI)网络首发服务,录用定稿将优先在线发布,与印刷版具有同等学术效力。

《稀有金属与硬质合金》由长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司和中国有色金属学会联合主办,长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司负责编辑出版,为2023版北大中文核心期刊、中国科学引文数据库来源期刊,入编《中国学术期刊(光盘版)》和《中国科技期刊数据库》等数字化网络。《稀有金属与硬质合金》现为双月刊,公开发行,国际标准连续出版物号:ISSN 1004-0536,国内统一连续出版物号:CN 43-1109/TF。本刊主要报道稀有金属/半金属(钨、钼、稀土、钽、铌、钒、钛、锆、铪、铼、铍、锂、铷、铯、镓、铟、铊、锗、硒、碲等)和硬质合金的生产、加工、科研、设计及应用成果;报道国内外稀有金属与硬质合金的新工艺、新技术、新设备和新材料等方面的文章及信息。

The conventional T6 heat-treated ZL114A aluminum alloy struggles to meet the increasingly demanding performance requirements in the aerospace field.To address this,this study proposed a novel solid solution treatment process for ZL114 aluminum alloy containing rare earth elements in a low-intensity pulsed magnetic field.A comparative analysis was conducted on the microstructural characteristics of ascast ZL114 aluminum alloys with and without rare earth Ce addition.At the same time,the effects of different solid solution temperatures(530℃,540℃and 550℃)and magnetic induction intensities(35 mT,50 mT,65 mT and 80 mT)on alloy microstructure and Vickers hardness under a low-intensity pulsed magnetic field condition were explored.The results demonstrate that after adding rare earth Ce with a mass fraction of 0.3%,theα-Al grain size of as-cast ZL114A aluminum alloy is significantly refined,with the average grain size decreasing from 157.0μm(without Ce)to 125.7μm,achieving a grain refinement of 19.9%.In a low-intensity pulsed magnetic field with a magnetic induction intensity of 65 mT,for the ZL114A aluminum alloy containing 0.3%Ce subjected to a solid solution treatment at 550℃for 40 min,the average area,radius ratio and roundness of eutectic Si in the microstructure are 50.5μm²,6.7 and 2.6,respectively,representing reductions of 31.2%,50.4%and 57.4%compared to conventional solid solution treatment at 530℃for 600 min.Additionally,the Vickers hardness increases by 20.5%,and the solid solution treatment time is reduced by 93%.

To enhance the denitration performance of acid-activated molded NH₃-SCR denitration catalysts,using rare earth tailings as raw materials,various porogens(starch,polyethylene glycol,ammonium carbonate,activated carbon)were added to the sulfuric acid-activated and microwave-treated powdered catalyst,and then NH₃-SCR denitration catalysts were prepared by extrusion molding.The effects of different types and dosages of porogens on the denitration activity,compressive strength,specific surface area,pore structure,phase composition,and redox capacity of the catalysts were investigated using NH₃-SCR tests,Xray diffraction,specific surface area measurement,and H₂ temperature-programmed reduction.The optimal type and dosage of porogen were determined accordingly.The results show that adding 5.0%by mass of polyethylene glycol results in the relatively optimal denitration performance of the molded catalyst,which exhibits a specific surface area of 3.70 m²/g,a total pore volume of 0.0308 cm³/g,and a denitration efficiency of 74.0%at 350℃.It also demonstrates high N₂ selectivity,compressive strength,and redox capacity.Compared to the catalyst without any porogen,the denitration performance is significantly improved.

The morphology and distribution of Nd-rich phase during conventionally hot pressing,hot deformation and ultrasonic vibration-assisted hot deformation of Nd-Fe-B magnets were studied by SEM analysis and magnetic property test,and the effect of ultrasonic vibration on the magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B magnets was also studied.The results show that part of the Nd-rich phases in the melt-spun ribbon of the magnet are squeezed into the gap of the melt-spun ribbon during the hot pressing process,and as the hot pressing temperature increases,an obvious blocky Nd-rich phase appears.During the hot deformation process,the melt-spun ribbon in the hot-pressed magnet deforms under the combined action of pressure and high temperature.Some Nd-rich phases in the melt-spun ribbon are further squeezed to the outside of the melt-spun ribbon,and some Nd-rich phases are enriched inside the melt-spun ribbon under the effect of pressure.After adding a certain amount of ultrasonic vibration during the hot deformation process,it is found that the number and area fraction of the blocky Nd-rich phase in the magnet significantly reduce,and the distribution of the Nd-rich phase becomes more uniform.Ultrasonic vibration can promote the diffusion movement of liquid Nd-rich phase,making it more difficult to enrich to form blocky Nd-rich phase,and improving the coercivity of the magnet.

Ultra-high-purity erbium chelate Er(C₁₁H₁₉O₂)₃ was prepared by chelation reaction using 6Ngrade erbium chloride and TMHD(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedione,for the organic ligand)as starting materials.The reaction product was characterized by X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis,and impurity content measurement.The effects of distillation temperature and time on the purification of TMHD,as well as the effects of TMHD dosage,reaction solution pH value,chelation reaction time,and sublimation cycles on the yield,Er content,and impurity content of the erbium chelate were investigated.The results show that the optimal distillation temperature and time for TMHD purification are 72~73℃and 40 min.The optimum process conditions for Er(C₁₁H₁₉O₂)₃ preparation are as follows:TMHD dosage of 1.1 times the theoretical amount,reaction solution pH value of 7~8,chelation reaction time of 60~70 min,and sublimation cycles of 3.The final product is erbium chelate Er(C₁₁H₁₉O₂)₃ with a purity of 99.9999%,which exhibits good decomposability and complete volatility at high temperature,making it suitable for the preparation of erbium-doped optical fibers.This study provides an efficient and stable process for the preparation of ultra-high-purity erbium chelates.

Compared with traditional AZ/AM series Mg alloys,rare earth Mg alloys exhibit significantly enhanced high-temperature strength and creep resistance through the addition of elements such as Y and Gd.However,their practical applications remain constrained by insufficient corrosion resistance attributed to high surface reactivity.Surface modification techniques can specifically improve their surface corrosion resistance.Thus,laser surface melting(LSM)treatment was performed on a Mg-9.1Y-1.8Zn(WZ92)rare earth Mg alloy in this study,followed by evaluations of its mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.The results demonstrate that the LSM-treated alloy exhibits significant grain refinement in the melted layer,whose thickness shows a positive correlation with laser power,and the long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phases transform from intergranular network distribution to intragranular directional precipitation.Benefiting from grain refinement strengthening,solid solution strengthening and elimination of brittle eutectic Mg₂₄Y₅ phase,the hardness,strength and ductility of WZ92 alloy are remarkably enhanced.The fine-grained microstructure and homogeneously dispersed LPSO phases within the melted layer synergistically promote the formation of a uniform passive film,thereby reducing localized electrochemical activity and suppressing localized corrosion of the alloy.Concurrently,the reduced content of LPSO phases effectively mitigates micro-galvanic corrosion effects.Alloys laser-treated at 400 W and 500 W demonstrates superior comprehensive corrosion resistance:the former attributed to stable corrosion product film formation,and the latter benefiting from significantly reduced electrochemical activity of the alloy surface.

Tantalum powder was prepared by magnesium thermal reduction method using high-purity tantalum oxide as raw material,metallic magnesium as reducing agent,and KCl as diluent.Subsequently,tantalum powder for capacitors was obtained by high-temperature heat treatment and deoxidation.The morphological evolution of the raw material(tantalum oxide)in the reduction process was investigated.Meanwhile,the effects of primary sintering temperature,magnesium dosage,and KCl dosage on the microscopic morphology and physical properties of the reduced tantalum powder were systematically analyzed.The electrical properties of the lab-prepared capacitor-grade tantalum powder were compared with those of commercially available products of the same grade.The results show that during the magnesium thermal reduction of tantalum oxide to produce tantalum powder,the reduced products(Ta and MgO particles)are completely peeled off,facilitating their separation.With an increase in primary sintering temperature or reducing agent(Mg)dosage,the oxygen content in the reduced tantalum powder decreases,while the FSSS particle size increases,and the specific surface area decreases.The addition of diluent KCl can improve particle size uniformity of the reduced tantalum powder,reduce its oxygen content,and also regulate the powder's particle size.The capacitor-grade tantalum powder derived from reduced tantalum powder exhibits excellent comprehensive electrical properties—particularly a breakdown voltage as high as 301 V,which is superior to that of commercially available products of the same grade,and it fully meets the application requirements for high-voltage and high-reliability capacitor-grade tantalum powder in high-end fields.

TC11 titanium alloy,which had been heat-treated at temperatures in the two-phase region and the single-phase region respectively,was treated using three different cooling methods:water cooling,air cooling,and furnace cooling.The microstructure evolution and tensile properties of the TC11 titanium alloy under different cooling conditions were studied.The results show that after heat treatment of the alloy at the two-phase region temperature,the microstructures after water cooling and air cooling exhibit high similarity,mainly composed of primaryαphase+α'phase and primaryαphase+secondaryαphase,while the primaryαphase in the microstructure after furnace cooling is larger in size and higher in content.After heat treatment of the alloy at the single-phase region temperature and cooling,the primaryαphase disappears in the microstructures obtained by all three cooling methods,andβgrains emerge.The alloy subjected to air cooling has the highest strength but relatively poor plasticity,while the alloy treated with furnace cooling has the lowest strength but relatively high plasticity.Under different cooling conditions,the strength of the alloy is greater after treatment at the single-phase region temperature,whereas the plasticity is better after treatment at the two-phase region temperature.When the alloy is heated to the two-phase region temperature,the fracture characteristic of the alloy treated by different cooling methods is mainly equiaxed dimples,which is typical ductile fracture.When the alloy is heated to the single-phase region temperature,the tensile fractures of the alloy treated by different cooling methods show microscopic characteristic dominated by a rock-like appearance,which is typical brittle fracture.