Research Progress on Electrocatalytic Furfural/Aqueous Electrolysis of Copper-Based Catalysts AITranslate

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Basic Information:

DOI：10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY25030010

Chinese Library Classification Number:TK91

Citation Information:

With the rapid development of the global economy，various kinds of energy sources have been developed one after another. In the existing energy structure，people still rely more on traditional energy sources. The excessive use of traditional energy sources such as oil and coal has led to serious environmental problems and energy crises. The search for non-polluting and renewable clean energy is not only a major challenge in the field of energy and environmental sciences，but also a problem that must be solved by human society to achieve sustainable development. Biomass is a rich renewable resource，originating from photosynthesis in nature，and is regarded as a very promising class of energy materials due to its non-pollution，large reserves，and degradable characteristics. Among many biomasses 5-hydroxymethylfurfural （HMF） and furfural （FF） show excellent development potential，they can be extracted from lignocellulosic treatment of biomass and can be regenerated quickly，so the reserves are very abundant. When co-electrolyzed with water，the anodic furfural species are oxidized to additional products，HMF to 2，5-furandicarboxylic acid （FDCA） and FF to furfuryl acid （FAC），while hydrogen is produced at the cathode. The system of electrocatalytic furfural/water co-point decomposition is conducive to the generation of renewable hydrogen energy with no pollution and low energy consumption，and an ultra-efficient hydrogen production system with bipolar hydrogen production can also be achieved by rational design of the catalyst. Among the products of electrocatalytic oxidation FDCA is recognized as a monomer that can be synthesized into plastics due to its unique conjugated rigid ring and dicarboxylic acid structure of benzene dicarboxylic acid，which can not only alleviate the problem of plastics pollution，but also reduce the dependence on fossil resources. Electrocatalytic oxidation is capable of operating at ambient temperature and pressure，making it an environmentally friendly and economically viable method of energy production compared to conventional thermal catalysis. Both precious and non-precious metals are used to catalyze such reactions. Among them，non-precious metals have received widespread attention due to their cost-effectiveness and availability compared to precious metal catalysts. Among the non-precious transition metals，the low cost of copper-based catalysts shows a significant advantage，and also copper is currently the most effective catalytic substance for the electrocatalytic oxidation of FF at low potentials. However，the stability and selectivity of copper-based catalysts in the catalytic process are still a great challenge，hindering their wide industrial application in this reaction system. Many research teams have worked to break through the shortcomings of copper-based catalysts in electrocatalytic furfural oxidation. Although the application of copper-based catalysts is still in its infancy，they still show great potential in reducing the production cost and improving the catalytic efficiency. This paper reviewed the recent progress in the application of copper-based catalysts in the co-electrolysis of low-energy water and furfural for hydrogen production，and in-depth studies of optimistic strategies such as doping engineering，multi-component synergism，vacancy engineering，interfacial engineering，and structural control have been carried out. These approaches aimed to address the existing limitations and improve the overall performance of copper-based catalysts. Doping engineering improved the catalytic performance of catalysts by introducing a small number of dissimilar atoms into the catalyst matrix，which significantly altered the electronic structure，geometry and surface properties of the catalysts. Multi-component synergy utilized the advantages of combining different elements or compounds to achieve synergistic effects beyond those of individual components. Vacancy engineering created defects in the catalyst material that could act as catalytic activity centers，thereby improving performance. Interfacial engineering focused on optimizing the interaction between the catalyst and electrolyte，which was essential for efficient charge transfer and reaction kinetics. Finally，structural modulation involved the precise manipulation of the physical structure of the catalyst to optimize the catalytic active surface area and reaction sites. In addition，this paper looked at future research directions，with particular emphasis on the use of advanced technologies such as in-situ characterization techniques and artificial intelligence. In-situ characterization techniques were able to monitor the behavior of catalysts under operating conditions in real time，thus reflecting the catalytic mechanism and active sites during the reaction process，which was of great significance in guiding the further development of this system. Artificial intelligence，an indispensable tool in the future development of materials science，provided the ability to predict catalyst performance based on large data sets through machine learning algorithms to guide the design of more efficient and stable catalyst systems. In conclusion，although challenges remained in the stability and selectivity of copper-based catalysts，ongoing research efforts were expected to overcome these obstacles. It was becoming increasingly feasible to develop efficient and stable catalyst systems by employing innovative optimistic strategies and utilizing cutting-edge technologies. It was expected that these advances would greatly facilitate the practical application of these technologies，promote sustainable energy solutions and address the urgent need for clean energy alternatives in the context of the escalating environmental crisis.