MXene-Based Materials: Compositional Engineering for High-Performance Microwave Absorption AITranslate

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The rapid advancement of aerospace and electronic information technologies has imposed increasingly stringent requirements on microwave absorbing materials (MAMs), such as high absorption efficiency, lightweight, and environmental stability, making the development of advanced MAMs urgent for both civilian and national defense applications. MXenes, as an emerging two-dimensional material, exhibit great potential as MAMs due to their tunable surface chemistry, excellent conductivity, and diverse composite properties. However, existing reviews of MXene-based MAMs lack a systematic overview of the synergistic mechanisms between MXenes and other novel materials as well as composition and structure synergistic regulation strategies for performance optimization. This work comprehensively reviews the latest research progress on MXene-based MAMs, first elaborating on their various loss mechanisms, including conductive loss, polarization loss, and magnetic loss. Furthermore, various composite strategies (hybridization with carbon-based, magnetic, polymeric, and ceramic materials) and their synergistic effects are explored together with the impact of structural engineering (0D/1D/2D/3D, heterostructures, porous structures) on the tuning of electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Finally, this work discusses the current challenges and future development directions of MXene-based MAMs, aiming to establish composition–structure–function correlations and provide a reference for their future development.