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Microstructure and Properties of FeCrMnAlxCu High Entropy Alloy with Different Al Contents AITranslate

Li Feng1,2; Huaqian Zhang1; Wei Zhang3; Guosheng An1,2; Yanchun Zhao1,2;
1.College of Material Science and Technology，Lanzhou University of Technology，Lanzhou 730050，China
2.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Reuse of Non-Ferrous Metals，Lanzhou University of Technology，Lanzhou 730050，China
3.China Nuclear Power Operation and Management，Haiyan 314300，China
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The concept of multi-principal high entropy alloy was put forwardin the mid-1990s，and the multi-principal high entropy alloy was defined as the alloy composed of five or more main elements，the mole fraction of each element was no more than 35% but no less than 5%，and then formed by a certain synthesis process. The properties of alloys mainly depended on the interaction of elements. High entropy alloys had high mixing entropy effect and can form simple solid solution structure，but were not easy to form intermetallic compounds. High entropy alloy had many excellent properties，which made it had a wide range of applications，such as：high hardness，high strength，corrosion resistance，good wear resistance，etc. High entropy alloys have been prepared by different methods in different studies，such as vacuum melting. FeCrMnAlCu series high entropy alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting technology using relatively cheap elements such as Fe，Cr，Mn，Al，and Cu as the main elements of high entropy alloys. D/MAX2500PC X-ray diffractometer （XRD）was used to analyze the phase structure of FeCrMnAlxCu （x=0，0.5，1.0，1.5，2.0）high entropy alloy surface. FEG-450 thermal field emission scanning electron microscope （SEM）was used to observe the microstructure of the alloy，and transmission electron microscope （TEM）was used to observe the microscopic substructure of the alloy. At the same time，energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）was used to analyze the composition and distribution of the alloy. W1102D37 automatic microhardness testing system was used to measure the microhardness of the sample. The applied load was 5 N，and the residence time on the sample surface was 15 s. The average hardness of five measuring points was obtained. An MFT-R4000 reciprocating friction and wear tester was used to test the friction properties of Al2O3 balls with a diameter of 6 mm at room temperature without lubrication. Instron5569 electronic universal testing machine was used to do compression tests to obtain the room temperature compressive properties of the alloy，and Origin software was used to draw the compressive stress-strain curve. XRD results showed that FeCrMnAlxCu high entropy alloy contained body-centered cubic （bcc）phase and face-centered cubic （fcc）phase. With the increase of Al content，the diffraction peak intensity of fcc phase gradually decreased until it disappeared，and only bcc single phase was left. SEM images showed that the microstructure had obvious dendrite and interdendrite structure，and the interdendrite structure gradually decreased and the dendrite structure gradually increased with the increase of Al content. TEM and EDS results showed that the crystal structures of dendrite and interdendrite were disordered bcc structure and fcc structure，respectively. The black stripe precipitates were ordered bcc structure. With the increase of Al content，the content of black stripe nano-scale precipitates in the grain increased obviously，and Cu element was seriously separated. According to the compression test，the yield strength gradually increased with the increase of Al content，and the maximum yield strength was 1286.72 MPa when x=1.5. It could also be seen from the table that with the increase of Al content，the compressive strength of the alloy decreased first and then increased，and reached the maximum of 1908.80 MPa when x=1.5. It could be concluded from the hardness test that when x=0，the microhardness of the high-entropy alloy was only HV0.2271.8. With the increase of Al content，the microhardness of the alloy increased gradually. When x=2.0，the microhardness of the alloy reachedHV0.2 519.3. The friction coefficient of FeCrMnAlxCu high entropy alloy decreased gradually with the increase of Al content，and the wear depth decreased gradually with the increase of Al content，and the wear depth was the smallest when x=2.0. The results showed that FeCrMnAlxCu high entropy alloy prepared by vacuum arc melting process was composed of dendrite and interdendrite structure. The interdendrite structure was fcc structure and the dendrite structure was bcc structure. There were black strip precipitates of bcc structure in the dendrite structure. Fe，Cr and other elements were enriched in the dendrite structure，Cu was enriched in the interdendrite structure，and Cu was enriched in the precipitates in the dendrite. With the increase of Al content，the interdendritic structure gradually decreased and the dendrite gradually increased，and the content of precipitates in the dendrite gradually increased. When x=1.5，the interdendritic structure changed from fcc structure to bcc structure. The hardness of FeCrMnAlxCu high entropy alloy gradually increased，made FeCrMnAlxCu high entropy alloy had good wear resistance. When x=1.5，the comprehensive performance of the alloy reached the best，the hardness reached HV0.2 489.6，the yield strength was 1286.72 MPa，the compressive strength was 1908.80 MPa，and the deformation rate was 9.05%. Compared with similar high entropy alloys with similar properties，FeCrMnAlCu series high entropy alloys had higher cost performance.

KeyWords AITranslate

high entropy alloy organizational structure deposition mechanical property

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Basic Information:

DOI：10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY22090004

Chinese Library Classification Number:TG146

Citation Information:

The concept of multi-principal high entropy alloy was put forwardin the mid-1990s，and the multi-principal high entropy alloy was defined as the alloy composed of five or more main elements，the mole fraction of each element was no more than 35% but no less than 5%，and then formed by a certain synthesis process. The properties of alloys mainly depended on the interaction of elements. High entropy alloys had high mixing entropy effect and can form simple solid solution structure，but were not easy to form intermetallic compounds. High entropy alloy had many excellent properties，which made it had a wide range of applications，such as：high hardness，high strength，corrosion resistance，good wear resistance，etc. High entropy alloys have been prepared by different methods in different studies，such as vacuum melting. FeCrMnAlCu series high entropy alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting technology using relatively cheap elements such as Fe，Cr，Mn，Al，and Cu as the main elements of high entropy alloys. D/MAX2500PC X-ray diffractometer （XRD）was used to analyze the phase structure of FeCrMnAlxCu （x=0，0.5，1.0，1.5，2.0）high entropy alloy surface. FEG-450 thermal field emission scanning electron microscope （SEM）was used to observe the microstructure of the alloy，and transmission electron microscope （TEM）was used to observe the microscopic substructure of the alloy. At the same time，energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）was used to analyze the composition and distribution of the alloy. W1102D37 automatic microhardness testing system was used to measure the microhardness of the sample. The applied load was 5 N，and the residence time on the sample surface was 15 s. The average hardness of five measuring points was obtained. An MFT-R4000 reciprocating friction and wear tester was used to test the friction properties of Al2O3 balls with a diameter of 6 mm at room temperature without lubrication. Instron5569 electronic universal testing machine was used to do compression tests to obtain the room temperature compressive properties of the alloy，and Origin software was used to draw the compressive stress-strain curve. XRD results showed that FeCrMnAlxCu high entropy alloy contained body-centered cubic （bcc）phase and face-centered cubic （fcc）phase. With the increase of Al content，the diffraction peak intensity of fcc phase gradually decreased until it disappeared，and only bcc single phase was left. SEM images showed that the microstructure had obvious dendrite and interdendrite structure，and the interdendrite structure gradually decreased and the dendrite structure gradually increased with the increase of Al content. TEM and EDS results showed that the crystal structures of dendrite and interdendrite were disordered bcc structure and fcc structure，respectively. The black stripe precipitates were ordered bcc structure. With the increase of Al content，the content of black stripe nano-scale precipitates in the grain increased obviously，and Cu element was seriously separated. According to the compression test，the yield strength gradually increased with the increase of Al content，and the maximum yield strength was 1286.72 MPa when x=1.5. It could also be seen from the table that with the increase of Al content，the compressive strength of the alloy decreased first and then increased，and reached the maximum of 1908.80 MPa when x=1.5. It could be concluded from the hardness test that when x=0，the microhardness of the high-entropy alloy was only HV0.2271.8. With the increase of Al content，the microhardness of the alloy increased gradually. When x=2.0，the microhardness of the alloy reachedHV0.2 519.3. The friction coefficient of FeCrMnAlxCu high entropy alloy decreased gradually with the increase of Al content，and the wear depth decreased gradually with the increase of Al content，and the wear depth was the smallest when x=2.0. The results showed that FeCrMnAlxCu high entropy alloy prepared by vacuum arc melting process was composed of dendrite and interdendrite structure. The interdendrite structure was fcc structure and the dendrite structure was bcc structure. There were black strip precipitates of bcc structure in the dendrite structure. Fe，Cr and other elements were enriched in the dendrite structure，Cu was enriched in the interdendrite structure，and Cu was enriched in the precipitates in the dendrite. With the increase of Al content，the interdendritic structure gradually decreased and the dendrite gradually increased，and the content of precipitates in the dendrite gradually increased. When x=1.5，the interdendritic structure changed from fcc structure to bcc structure. The hardness of FeCrMnAlxCu high entropy alloy gradually increased，made FeCrMnAlxCu high entropy alloy had good wear resistance. When x=1.5，the comprehensive performance of the alloy reached the best，the hardness reached HV0.2 489.6，the yield strength was 1286.72 MPa，the compressive strength was 1908.80 MPa，and the deformation rate was 9.05%. Compared with similar high entropy alloys with similar properties，FeCrMnAlCu series high entropy alloys had higher cost performance.

quote

GB/T 7714-2015 [1] Li Feng, Huaqian Zhang, Wei Zhang, et al. Microstructure and Properties of FeCrMnAlxCu High Entropy Alloy with Different Al Contents[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2025, 49(5): 636-647. DOI:10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY22090004.
MLA [1] Li Feng, et al., "Microstructure and Properties of FeCrMnAlxCu High Entropy Alloy with Different Al Contents." Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, vol. 49, no. 5, 2025, pp. 636-647, https://doi.org/10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY22090004.
APA [1] Li Feng, Huaqian Zhang, Wei Zhang, Guosheng An, & Yanchun Zhao. (2025). Microstructure and Properties of FeCrMnAlxCu High Entropy Alloy with Different Al Contents. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 49(5), 636-647. https://doi.org/10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY22090004
IEEE [1] Li Feng, Huaqian Zhang, Wei Zhang, Guosheng An, and Yanchun Zhao, "Microstructure and Properties of FeCrMnAlxCu High Entropy Alloy with Different Al Contents," Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 636-647, 2025, doi: 10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY22090004. keywords: {high entropy alloy;organizational structure;deposition;mechanical property}