Recent Advances in Synthesis Strategies of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Catalytic Applications in Water Splitting AITranslate

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Basic Information:

DOI：10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY24030024

Chinese Library Classification Number:TQ032

Citation Information:

As the world confronts escalating energy demands and heightened environmental concerns，the imperative for innovative and sustainable energy conversion technologies has never been more acute. Water electrolysis，a process that cleaves water into hydrogen and oxygen，stands out as a beacon of clean energy potential due to its prospect of high efficiency and minimal environmental impact. Within this dynamic landscape，metal-organic frameworks （MOFs），characterized by their versatile structures and multifunctional properties，have risen to prominence as a transformative class of materials poised to revolutionize the field of catalytic water splitting. This review embarked on a detailed exploration of the synthesis strategies of MOFs and delved into the myriad ways in which these porous materials could be meticulously engineered. The hydrothermal and solvothermal methods were known for their ability to generate highly crystalline MOFs. In addition，more recent developments，such as microwave-assisted synthesis and electrochemical synthesis，offered rapid synthesis with controlled morphology. Also，this review introduced other synthesis methods，such as vapor deposition，ultrasonic assisted synthesis，and so on. This in-depth analysis not only provided a comprehensive understanding of the current state of MOF synthesis but also set the stage for future innovations in material design. This review also focused on the application of MOFs in catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction （HER）and the oxygen evolution reaction （OER）and illuminated the remarkable strides made in enhancing the catalytic efficiency of these materials. The mechanism of reactions was dissected to provide a clearer understanding of the role MOFs play. In the case of HER，it needed the Volmer，Heyrovsky，and Tafel steps from acidic to alkaline media. OER，in comparison，was a more complex four-electrons transfer process，and its kinetics was a primary area of focus for improving the efficiency of water electrolysis. This review highlighted the advancements in enhancing MOFs' catalytic performance through strategic structural design and functional modifications. Integrating suitable metal centers and organic ligands into MOFs has been shown to significantly improve their activity and stability in alkaline conditions，a crucial factor for effective water splitting. Despite their potential，MOFs faced several challenges in practical applications，primarily in stability，catalytic activity，and electrical conductivity，particularly in alkaline environments. This review underscored the importance of addressing these challenges to advance the practical application of MOFs in water electrolysis. The need for in-depth research into the structure-performance relationship of MOFs and their catalytic mechanisms in water splitting was also stressed. Such understanding was pivotal for the development of more efficient MOF-based electrocatalysts. One of the most promising developments in this field was the exploration of bifunctional catalysts that were capable of efficiently performing both HER and OER，pointing towards a significant direction for MOFs in overall water splitting. This review showcased various MOFs that had been explored for this purpose，demonstrating their potential in enhancing water splitting efficiency. These examples highlighted the progress in developing dual-function MOF catalysts and underscored their significance in comprehensive water splitting applications. This review also discussed the future perspectives of MOFs in energy conversion. It emphasized the need for continuous research and innovation in MOFs，particularly in terms of structural optimization，functionality，stability，scalability，and theoretical understanding. Researchers were encouraged to delve into the microstructure of MOFs，optimizing parameters like pore size，surface area，and distribution of active sites to improve catalytic efficiency. Furthermore，functionalizing MOFs by incorporating specific organic ligands or metal active centers could expand their performance and applicability. Under high current densities and long-term usage，the stability and durability of MOFs remained areas for improvement. Future research should focus on material design and post-synthesis treatments to enhance structural stability. To achieve large-scale production and application in real-world energy systems，challenges related to cost，fabrication efficiency，and device compatibility need to be addressed. Future research should explore more economical and effective synthesis methods and develop MOFs-based electrode materials that were suitable for practical energy conversion systems. In conclusion，this review presented MOFs as a significant class of materials with tremendous potential in catalyzing water splitting. It highlighted the latest advancements in their synthesis strategies and applications in HER and OER，providing a roadmap for future research and applications in energy-related fields. This review not only underscored the immense potential of MOFs in catalyzing water splitting but also charted a path for future innovations，aiming to harness their full potential in addressing global energy challenges.