Research Progress of Anode Oxygen Evolution Precious Metal Catalyst Prepared by PEM Water Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production AITranslate

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Basic Information:

DOI：10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY23080005

Chinese Library Classification Number:TF803.21

Citation Information:

Electrochemical water splitting into H₂ and O₂ is a promising technique for decarbonizing energy and hydrogen production. Among various water electrolysis techniques, proton exchange membrane （PEM）water electrolyzers have attracted growing attention owing to high current density，excellent voltage efficiency，and ultrahigh gas purity，which are perfectly 0%~100% adaptive for transforming and storing renewable energy sources such as solar，wind，and hydro energy. At present，the development of hydrogen production by PEM electrolysis is mainly focused on reducing the number of precious metals，improving the energy conversion efficiency of electrolyzer，and prolonging the service life. The anodic oxygen evolution reaction （OER）is the rate control step of water electrolysis reaction. The activity，stability，and cost of anodic catalyst have become important factors restricting the large-scale development of PEM water electrolysis hydrogen production. Therefore，it is urgent to find an effective method to reduce the cost and improve the performance of catalyst at the same time. On the one hand，limited by the requirements of the strong acidic anode environment，high anode potential，good electrical conductivity and so on of PEM electrolyzer，while ensuring the performance and life of the electrolyzer，the anodic oxygen evolution electrocatalyst can only use a few precious metals such as Ir and Ru or their oxides as catalyst materials，which are resistant to oxidation and corrosion，but the use of precious metal materials has greatly increased the preparation cost. Therefore，there is an urgent need to further improve OER catalytic performances in terms of atomic activities and utilization rates to maximize the turnover frequency values. On the other hand，developing high-performance electrocatalysts at high current densities is a prerequisite for the commercial application of PEM electrolyzer technology. There are two key challenges to make robust acidic OER catalysts at high current densities. One is strong anodic polarization which destroys the active sites，causing a loss of catalytic activity. The other is the high local concentration of protons near catalytic surface which corrodes the active sites，resulting in poor durability of catalysts. This is a bottleneck affects the efficiency and lifetime of PEM electrolyzers and hinders their industrial use development of catalysts for anodic oxygen evolution reaction at high current. In order to facilitate the practical industrial application of PEM electrolyzers，it is imperative to develop highly active OER electrocatalysts that can operate robustly in strongly acidic media. However，OER activity and stability are often in a dilemma in electrocatalyst design. Therefore，the main challenge at present is how to develop efficient catalysts with less precious metal content，high intrinsic activity，and high stability without affecting the catalytic performance，so as to minimize the cost of precious metal catalyst and accelerate the commercialization process of PEM water hydrogen production. In this paper，from the aspects of reducing precious metals，reducing oxygen evolution overpotential，and increasing catalyst life，the latest research progress of oxygen evolution catalysts for water hydrogen production by PEM electrolysis at home and abroad in recent years were reviewed，mainly including alloying and heteroatom doping，nanostructured and supported catalysts. These electrocatalysts had high mass activity and durability and low noble metal content. Alloying or doping Ru or Ir and its oxides with some transition metals （such as Cu，Fe，Ni，Co，W，Cr，etc.）could change the electronic or geometric structure of the catalytic material and effectively improve the intrinsic activity of the catalyst active site. Through reasonable regulation and design of the size，shape，composition，and structure of the catalyst，excellent nanostructure could be obtained，thus significantly improving the surface area of the material，especially improving the utilization rate of precious metal materials，increasing the active site of the catalytic material，and improving the electron and proton transport. The use of carrier stabilization effect was also of great significance to achieve high activity and stability of OER catalyst，because the electronic interaction between catalyst and carrier could not only stabilize and disperse the active site，but also adjust the interface interaction，so as to optimize the physicochemical properties of catalyst/carrier. Including load capacity，active specific surface area，electronic structure，corrosion resistance，etc.，these strategies were used to develop OER catalysts with low load，high activity，and high durability. Finally，the future developments direction of low-load high-performance PEM electrolytic water oxygen evolution catalyst were proposed：1）Designing functional carrier by using multi-component electronic coordination effect and multi-dimensional structural epitaxy effect，the low-cost and high-stability carrier was prepared to enhance the durability of the catalyst；2）Through surface doping，defect engineering modification，and structural regulation to accelerate the reaction kinetics process and improve the intrinsic activity and utilization rate of the catalyst；3）Deeply understanding the structure-activity relationship of the catalyst，designing and regulating the chemical composition，crystal structure，and surface topography of the catalyst，optimizing the number and distribution of surface active sites，so as to develop efficient water electrolytic catalysts with high activity，stability and selectivity.