In order to solve the problems of a poor driving environment and low intelligence level of underground load-haul-dump(LHD)vehicle,a simulation study on autonomous positioning and navigation of underground intelligent LHD vehicle was achieved through kinematics analysis,3D model establishment,global map construction,and global path planning.By analyzing the kinematics model of articulated vehicles,the correlation between vehicles’physical parameters was established,and the conditions that the LHD vehicle simulation model needed to meet were clarified.On the Gazebo 3D simulation platform,a simulation model of the LHD vehicle body with sensors and a simulation model of the underground tunnel environment were constructed.The initial position of the LHD vehicle simulation model in the tunnel environment was set to facilitate subsequent autonomous positioning and navigation research.Based on sensor information,a global map was constructed.The AMCL algorithm was used to achieve autonomous positioning of the LHD vehicle simulation model,ensuring that the initial position of the LHD vehicle simulation model was consistent between the Gazebo 3D simulation platform and the Rviz 3D visualization platform.Two algorithms were used for global path planning of the LHD vehicle simulation model from the mining area to the unloading area in underground tunnels,respectively.The simulation results show that the A*algorithm performs better in this simulation study,providing a technical support for achieving intelligent underground vehicles.
In response to the problems of low production efficiency,high boulder yield,and high comprehensive costs encountered in the upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining method at Jinshan Gold Mine,this study conducted a series of research on medium-depth hole blasting parameter optimization technology.Firstly,based on the Livingston blasting crater theory,fundamental medium-depth hole blasting parameters suitable for the rock mass conditions at Jinshan Gold Mine were determined through inversion derivation using single-hole,multihole,and inclined bench blasting crater tests.Subsequently,by utilizing the LS-DYNA numerical simulation software,fluid-structure interaction blasting models for both double-hole and multiple-row hole arrangements were established.A comparative simulation analysis of rock damage and fragmentation effects under different blasting pattern parameters(burden×spacing)was performed,leading to the identification of a 1.4 m×1.2 m blasting pattern as the optimal scheme.Finally,the optimized parameters were validated through field industrial trials.The results demonstrate that the optimized blasting scheme significantly reduces the stope boulder yield,improves the fragmentation uniformity of the blasted ore,and effectively enhances production efficiency.This provides an integrated systematic solution of"experimental study,numerical simulation,and industrial validation"for blasting parameter optimization in similar mines.
The Shanggong Gold Deposit has proven gold resources exceeding 140 t,reaching a super-large scale.In recent years,deep validation boreholes have encountered polymetallic orebodies,which have raised new requirements for understanding its mineralization.Carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen isotope analyses were conducted on quartz and ankerite from different mineralization stages of the Shanggong Gold Deposit.The results show that theδ18OH2O values of quartz range from−2.5‰to 1.6‰,with an average of−0.4‰;theδDH2Ovalues range from−94.7‰to−86.5‰,with an average of−90.6‰,which are close to magmatic water.Theδ18OH2O-δDH2Odiagram indicates a transitional trend from meteoric water to primary magmatic water for the ore-forming fluids of gold deposits in the region.Theδ13 CCO2values of quartz range from−11.9‰to−5.3‰,with an average of−7.9‰,which are significantly higher than those of organic matter and freshwater CO2 but lower than those of marine carbonates,and they are comparable to those of the crust,mantle,igneous rocks/magmatic systems,and atmospheric CO2.Theδ13CV-PDB values of ankerite range from−2.0‰to−1.2‰,with an average of−1.4‰,which are higher than theδ13C composition of other carbon reservoirs except marine carbonates.Mantle degassing and magmatic processes are the main sources ofδ13C in the Shanggong Gold Deposit.However,there is an obvious gradual transition phenomenon among gold deposits in the region,which has been significantly influenced by low-temperature alteration and meteoric water.Differences in structural settings or magmatic activity backgrounds have led to variations in theδ13C sources of the gold deposits.
As metal mines progressively enter the stage of deep mining,the demands for mine safety as well as green and efficient production have become increasingly prominent.The backfilling mining method has emerged as a vital mining technique for deep ore bodies due to its effectiveness in ground pressure control,improvement of ore recovery rates,and enhancement of underground working conditions.Traditional backfilling mining methods,however,suffer from shortcomings such as high backfilling costs and significant labor intensity.Enhancing backfilling system efficiency,reducing mining backfilling costs,and decreasing workers’labor intensity have become key challenges in promoting backfilling in mines.As a novel solution to these challenges,intelligent backfilling technology has achieved positive results in many mining applications.This paper briefly introduced the basic concepts and principles of intelligent backfilling technology,analyzed the reasons for its rapid development,and provided a detailed overview of the current state of artificial intelligence algorithms in backfilling experiments as well as the construction of intelligent backfilling systems in China.Finally,the difficulties in research on intelligent backfilling technology were discussed,and some ideas for the future development direction of intelligent backfilling technology were provided.
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In response to the problems of low production efficiency,high boulder yield,and high comprehensive costs encountered in the upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining method at Jinshan Gold Mine,this study conducted a series of research on medium-depth hole blasting parameter optimization technology.Firstly,based on the Livingston blasting crater theory,fundamental medium-depth hole blasting parameters suitable for the rock mass conditions at Jinshan Gold Mine were determined through inversion derivation using single-hole,multihole,and inclined bench blasting crater tests.Subsequently,by utilizing the LS-DYNA numerical simulation software,fluid-structure interaction blasting models for both double-hole and multiple-row hole arrangements were established.A comparative simulation analysis of rock damage and fragmentation effects under different blasting pattern parameters(burden×spacing)was performed,leading to the identification of a 1.4 m×1.2 m blasting pattern as the optimal scheme.Finally,the optimized parameters were validated through field industrial trials.The results demonstrate that the optimized blasting scheme significantly reduces the stope boulder yield,improves the fragmentation uniformity of the blasted ore,and effectively enhances production efficiency.This provides an integrated systematic solution of"experimental study,numerical simulation,and industrial validation"for blasting parameter optimization in similar mines.
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As oxidized gold ores that are easier to process gradually deplete,the proportion of refractory arsenic-containing gold ores in global gold resources continues to rise.The simultaneous realization of"efficient dearsenication"and"gold liberation"has become one of the key challenges in the field of green metallurgy.Pressurized oxidation(POX)technology,relying on high-temperature and high-pressure wet environments,combines advantages such as fast reaction rates,effective arsenic solidification,and high gold recovery.It has demonstrated engineering potential in the pretreatment of some high-arsenic gold concentrates,achieving stable gold recovery rates of over 90%and dearsenication efficiency exceeding 95%.Based on the review of the mineralogical characteristics and arsenic occurrence states of arsenic-containing gold ores,this paper systematically summarized and compared experimental studies and industrial cases reported in recent years from four aspects:reaction mechanisms,thermodynamics and kinetics,process enhancement strategies,and arsenic fixation and environmental safety control.The results show that arsenopyrite and arsenical pyrite can be rapidly oxidized under conditions of 190℃–230℃,certain oxygen partial pressure,and acidity,where arsenic is converted from As(Ⅲ)to As(Ⅴ).Under suitable pH and n(Fe)(As)ranges,stable iron arsenate phases such as scorodite are preferentially formed,and the arsenic concentration in neutralization solutions can be reduced to milligram-per-liter levels.Segmented pressure strategies,increased slurry solid content,and optimized oxygen supply strategies help achieve nearautothermal operation,significantly reducing the consumption of external steam and fuel.The addition of solid arsenic carriers such as CaO and Fe2O3,along with the use of corrosion-resistant materials and structural optimization,can further improve arsenic residue leaching stability and extend the service life of equipment.Based on these findings,this paper discusses the applicability boundaries and advantages and limitations of POX in the clean pretreatment of arsenic-containing gold ores by considering energy consumption constraints and environmental emission requirements.Research demands related to digital twin simulation,intelligent process control,and arsenic residue resource utilization are proposed.The insights provided can offer theoretical support and technical references for process route selection,engineering scale-up design,and subsequent green transformation of high-arsenic refractory gold ores.
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As metal mines progressively enter the stage of deep mining,the demands for mine safety as well as green and efficient production have become increasingly prominent.The backfilling mining method has emerged as a vital mining technique for deep ore bodies due to its effectiveness in ground pressure control,improvement of ore recovery rates,and enhancement of underground working conditions.Traditional backfilling mining methods,however,suffer from shortcomings such as high backfilling costs and significant labor intensity.Enhancing backfilling system efficiency,reducing mining backfilling costs,and decreasing workers’labor intensity have become key challenges in promoting backfilling in mines.As a novel solution to these challenges,intelligent backfilling technology has achieved positive results in many mining applications.This paper briefly introduced the basic concepts and principles of intelligent backfilling technology,analyzed the reasons for its rapid development,and provided a detailed overview of the current state of artificial intelligence algorithms in backfilling experiments as well as the construction of intelligent backfilling systems in China.Finally,the difficulties in research on intelligent backfilling technology were discussed,and some ideas for the future development direction of intelligent backfilling technology were provided.
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In response to the problems of low production efficiency,high boulder yield,and high comprehensive costs encountered in the upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining method at Jinshan Gold Mine,this study conducted a series of research on medium-depth hole blasting parameter optimization technology.Firstly,based on the Livingston blasting crater theory,fundamental medium-depth hole blasting parameters suitable for the rock mass conditions at Jinshan Gold Mine were determined through inversion derivation using single-hole,multihole,and inclined bench blasting crater tests.Subsequently,by utilizing the LS-DYNA numerical simulation software,fluid-structure interaction blasting models for both double-hole and multiple-row hole arrangements were established.A comparative simulation analysis of rock damage and fragmentation effects under different blasting pattern parameters(burden×spacing)was performed,leading to the identification of a 1.4 m×1.2 m blasting pattern as the optimal scheme.Finally,the optimized parameters were validated through field industrial trials.The results demonstrate that the optimized blasting scheme significantly reduces the stope boulder yield,improves the fragmentation uniformity of the blasted ore,and effectively enhances production efficiency.This provides an integrated systematic solution of"experimental study,numerical simulation,and industrial validation"for blasting parameter optimization in similar mines.
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As oxidized gold ores that are easier to process gradually deplete,the proportion of refractory arsenic-containing gold ores in global gold resources continues to rise.The simultaneous realization of"efficient dearsenication"and"gold liberation"has become one of the key challenges in the field of green metallurgy.Pressurized oxidation(POX)technology,relying on high-temperature and high-pressure wet environments,combines advantages such as fast reaction rates,effective arsenic solidification,and high gold recovery.It has demonstrated engineering potential in the pretreatment of some high-arsenic gold concentrates,achieving stable gold recovery rates of over 90%and dearsenication efficiency exceeding 95%.Based on the review of the mineralogical characteristics and arsenic occurrence states of arsenic-containing gold ores,this paper systematically summarized and compared experimental studies and industrial cases reported in recent years from four aspects:reaction mechanisms,thermodynamics and kinetics,process enhancement strategies,and arsenic fixation and environmental safety control.The results show that arsenopyrite and arsenical pyrite can be rapidly oxidized under conditions of 190℃–230℃,certain oxygen partial pressure,and acidity,where arsenic is converted from As(Ⅲ)to As(Ⅴ).Under suitable pH and n(Fe)(As)ranges,stable iron arsenate phases such as scorodite are preferentially formed,and the arsenic concentration in neutralization solutions can be reduced to milligram-per-liter levels.Segmented pressure strategies,increased slurry solid content,and optimized oxygen supply strategies help achieve nearautothermal operation,significantly reducing the consumption of external steam and fuel.The addition of solid arsenic carriers such as CaO and Fe2O3,along with the use of corrosion-resistant materials and structural optimization,can further improve arsenic residue leaching stability and extend the service life of equipment.Based on these findings,this paper discusses the applicability boundaries and advantages and limitations of POX in the clean pretreatment of arsenic-containing gold ores by considering energy consumption constraints and environmental emission requirements.Research demands related to digital twin simulation,intelligent process control,and arsenic residue resource utilization are proposed.The insights provided can offer theoretical support and technical references for process route selection,engineering scale-up design,and subsequent green transformation of high-arsenic refractory gold ores.
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