《稀有金属与硬质合金》创刊于1973年,是中文核心期刊,致力于稀有金属冶金与材料领域的科研创新与产业应用。本刊坚持“传播先进科技成果,引领创新,贴近科研与生产”的办刊宗旨,为科研人员及工程技术人员提供高水平的学术交流平台。为提升学术成果传播效率,缩短出版周期,本刊已于2025年7月1日起正式开通中国知网(CNKI)网络首发服务,录用定稿将优先在线发布,与印刷版具有同等学术效力。

《稀有金属与硬质合金》由长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司和中国有色金属学会联合主办,长沙有色冶金设计研究院有限公司负责编辑出版,为2023版北大中文核心期刊、中国科学引文数据库来源期刊,入编《中国学术期刊(光盘版)》和《中国科技期刊数据库》等数字化网络。《稀有金属与硬质合金》现为双月刊,公开发行,国际标准连续出版物号:ISSN 1004-0536,国内统一连续出版物号:CN 43-1109/TF。本刊主要报道稀有金属/半金属(钨、钼、稀土、钽、铌、钒、钛、锆、铪、铼、铍、锂、铷、铯、镓、铟、铊、锗、硒、碲等)和硬质合金的生产、加工、科研、设计及应用成果;报道国内外稀有金属与硬质合金的新工艺、新技术、新设备和新材料等方面的文章及信息。

为适应我国信息化建设需要,扩大读作者学术交流渠道,《稀有金属与硬质合金》已许可中国知网、万方数据、维普资讯、超星信息、长江文库、钛学术及新华网学术等数据库以数字化方式复制、汇编、发行、信息网络传播整刊全文。本刊支付的稿酬已包含上述各数据库的著作权使用费,所有署名作者向本刊提交文章发表之行为视为同意上述声明。如有异议,请在投稿时说明,本刊将按作者说明处理。

To address the issues of prolonged flowsheet,high costs,and inter-containment of concentrates in traditional molybdenum-bismuth mixed concentrate beneficiation process,the HCl-NaCl system was employed to leach bismuth from molybdenum-bismuth mixed concentrate to realize the separation of molybdenum and bismuth,and a thermodynamic analysis was performed on the leaching process.The influences of hydrochloric acid concentration,leaching temperature,leaching time,liquid-solid ratio,and NaCl concentration on the leaching rate of bismuth were investigated.The reaction kinetics were analyzed using leaching experimental data to identify the reaction rate-controlling step.The results show that the forms of Bi and S are BiCl₄^-and H₂S,respectively after the reaction of bismuth sulfide with hydrochloric acid without oxidant addition.The factors affecting bismuth leaching rate follow this order of significance:leaching temperature>hydrochloric acid concentration>liquid-solid ratio>NaCl concentration>leaching time.Under the optimized conditions of HCl concentration of 4 mol/L,liquid-solid ratio of 2.0,reaction temperature of 90℃,leaching time of 8 h,and NaCl concentration of 4 mol/L,the average bismuth leaching rate reaches 97.90%.The apparent activation energy of the leaching reaction is 84.55 kJ/mol,indicating an interface chemical reaction control mechanism,and elevated temperature promotes bismuth leaching.

Aiming at the problems of low recovery rate of high-value rare earth elements praseodymium and neodymium,long process and high consumption of auxiliary materials in the current mainstream leaching process of bastnaesite,a new complex leaching technology of bastnaesite with sulfuric acid as the complexing agent was proposed,greatly simplifying the leaching process and realizing the synergistic efficient leaching of F^-and rare earth in hydrochloric acid system.The effects of complexing agent types and dosages,acid-ore volume-mass ratio,leaching temperature,leaching time and liquid-solid volume-mass ratio on the rare earth leaching rate were systematically investigated.The obtained optimum process conditions are as follows:complexing agent is sulfuric acid,sulfuric acid dosage is 1%of the mass of bastnaesite roasted ore,acid-ore volume-mass ratio is 1.1 mL/g,leaching temperature is 25℃,liquid-solid volume-mass ratio is 4 mL/g and leaching time is 3 h.Under these conditions,the leaching rate of praseodymium and neodymium increases from 94.51%of the current process to 96.23%.

High-purity niobium metal was prepared by aluminothermic reduction-double electron beam melting,and the production process conditions were optimized to increase niobium recovery rate,save production costs and improve production efficiency.The results show that the recovery rate of niobium is relatively high under the following conditions:excess aluminum ratio of 8%~11%,slagging agent(80%CaO+20%CaF₂)dosage of 4%relative to the added aluminum mass,melting power of 250 kW,melting speed of 90~100 kg/h and melting vacuum level of≤10^-2Pa.And the quality of melted niobium products meets the NT-3 grade requirements of YS/T 1547—2022 standard.

In this paper,stone coal vanadium ore was used as raw material,and the vanadium was extracted by barium salt roasting-low acid leaching process from the concentrate after tailing discarding and enrichment.The effects of concentrate roasting and leaching conditions on the leaching rate of vanadium were studied.The results show that the average vanadium leaching rate can reach 87.93%under the optimal conditions of stone coal vanadium concentrate fineness of 70%passing 74μm,roasting temperature of 925℃,roasting time of 6 h,barium sulfate dosage of 4%concentrate quality,liquid-solid ratio in leaching process of 2∶1,sulfuric acid dosage of 5%calcine quality,leaching temperature of 50℃and leaching time of 1 h.The process has the advantages of high vanadium leaching rate,low acid dosage,low extraction cost and simplified subsequent vanadium extraction process.

Lithium in medium to low-grade lepidolite(0.93%Li)was extracted by roasting-water leaching method with sodium sulfate-calcium sulfate composite sulfate as roasting agent.The effects of roasting process parameters on the leaching rate of lithium were discussed.The thermodynamics and kinetics of the roasting process,the microscopic morphology and phase change of the roasted clinker were studied.The results show that the optimum roasting conditions are as follows:the mass ratio of lepidolite,Na₂SO₄and CaSO₄is 1∶0.197∶0.703,roasting temperature is 950℃and roasting time is 2 h.Under these conditions,the leaching rate of lithium can reach 94.8%by leaching with pure water.Under the optimum roasting conditions,the stable structure of lepidolite is destroyed,and its reactions with calcium sulfate and sodium sulfate mainly produce anorthite,albite and soluble lithium salt.Using unreacted shrinking core model to describe the kinetics of lepidolite roasting in the presence of sodium sulfate and calcium sulfate,the apparent activation energy of the roasting process is calculated to be 52.1 kJ/mol at 825~900℃,indicating that the roasting process is controlled by chemical reaction.