As countries accelerate efforts to meet carbon neutrality targets, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is gaining renewed attention as a critical mitigation strategy. This review provides a structured synthesis of global CCS policy evolution, highlighting how incentive mechanisms have shifted from generic subsidies toward hybrid approaches integrating carbon pricing, green finance, and legal risk-sharing. Building on this, the paper introduces a policy classification framework that categorizes instruments into market-based tools, command-and-control regulations, and institutional support, offering analytical coherence for future cross-country comparisons. Beyond the industrial and power sectors, the review foregrounds an often-overlooked CCS application: addressing residual emissions in hard-to-abate sectors such as transportation. We emphasize the strategic role of CO₂ transport infrastructure–including pipelines, shipping routes, and port retrofitting–and introduce a dedicated section analyzing its cost-leveraging effects, infrastructure integration models, and life-cycle trade-offs. By embedding a life-cycle assessment (LCA) perspective, we demonstrate how different transport modes shape both economic and carbon efficiency. Drawing on case studies from the U.S., EU, and China, we distill key governance lessons and identify the enabling conditions for scaling up CCS deployment. The paper also highlights governance gaps related to cross-border infrastructure coordination, carbon market integration, and just siting. Overall, this review contributes to literature on CCS governance and infrastructure transitions by offering a replicable analytical structure, expanding the scope beyond capture technology, and linking fragmented insights into an integrated policy roadmap for large-scale CCS commercialization.

Flexible sensors have attracted wide attention like never before in the fast-growing flexible electronics era, because they are easily adaptable to curved or soft surfaces based on their inherent flexibility and simultaneously detect multiple external stimuli. In the field of intelligent driving, they utilize novel conductive materials, including conductive polymers, carbon-based nanomaterials, and liquid metals, to construct multifunctional flexible sensor networks, thereby accomplishing seamless integration with curved vehicle surfaces and comprehensive status monitoring. The advantages are that achieving dynamic deformation adaptability through flexible materials and manufacturing, enhancing system redundancy/robustness/real-time performance through a sensor network deployment, and improving perception accuracy through multimodal fusion. Therefore, flexible sensors exhibit great potential in intelligent cockpit interaction, chassis obstacle detection, and vehicle health diagnostics. However, its large-scale commercialization still faces challenges in automotive-grade integration, weather resistance, data security, and power supply. Furthermore, flexible sensors are expected to integrate with AI models, lightweight architectures, and self-healing smart materials in the future, thereby advancing autonomous driving development, facilitating vehicle-road-cloud coordination, and revolutionizing mobility paradigms.

Two-dimensional (2D) magnetic semiconductors have emerged as promising materials for next-generation nanoelectronic and spintronic devices, owing to their unique coupling of electronic and magnetic properties. CrSBr, a quasi-2D magnetic semiconductor, offers a versatile platform for exploring coupled electronic and magnetic phenomena in low-dimensional systems. Here, we systematically investigate the surface work function of CrSBr nanosheets using scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM), revealing a nonlinear dependence on thickness and a thermally tunable, reversible behavior. Furthermore, a CrSBr-based 2D field-effect transistor (FET) demonstrates that such thermal modulation of the work function effectively alters the Schottky barrier height, directly impacting charge injection. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the layer- and magnetism-dependent nature of the work function in few-layer CrSBr. This work highlights the importance of work function engineering in CrSBr and provides a foundation for its application in magnetoelectric coupling, spintronic devices, and van der Waals electronics.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted increasing interest due to their intrinsic safety and low cost, yet their energy density remains limited by the lack of suitable cathode materials. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), with tunable porosity, structural diversity, and redox-site designability, have emerged as promising AZIBs cathodes. The integration of multiple redox-active sites, such as carbonyl (C=O) and imine (C=N) groups, enables stepwise multi-electron transfer, offering a pathway to higher capacity and voltage output. This review systematically categorizes COFs into n-type, p-type, and bipolar systems based on redox-active moieties and analyzes their charge storage behaviors through cyclic voltammetry (CV). We focus on how the spatial arrangement and electronic nature of C=O/C=N sites influence one-, two-, or three-step electron transfer, as well as Zn²⁺ and H⁺ co-insertion mechanisms. Electrochemical performances, redox kinetics, molecular structure, and electrolyte adaptability are also discussed in detail. By elucidating the structure-mechanism relationships of redox-active COFs, this review highlights molecular design principles that enhance redox-site utilization and energy density. The insights provided herein aim to guide the development of next-generation, high-performance organic cathodes for multi-electron AZIBs.