Research Progress on Recycling and High Value Utilization of Copper Slag AITranslate

［1］（吴星月，陈凤阳，陈朝辉，何恩，张小雪，侯彦青，谢刚. 顶侧吹双炉连续炼铜渣型优化［J］.中国有色金属学报，2024，34（10）：3476.）

X Y Wu，F Y Chen，C H Chen，N He，X X Zhang，Y Q Hou，G Xie. Optimization of copper slag type in double-furnace continuous smelting with top and side blowing［J］.The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals，2024，34（10）：3476.

［2］Mullaimalar A，Jeyalakshmi R. Fabrication of superhydrophobic copper slag-based inorganic polymer adsorbents by silane grafting using response surface methodology for the removal of microplastics from aqueous solutions［J］.Journal of Water Process Engineering，2025，69：106620.

［3］（张惠斌，胡彬，徐圣航，曹华珍，吴旻，郑国渠. 铜闪速熔炼炉渣中铁橄榄石相固砷机制研究［J］.稀有金属，2024，48（2）：214.）

H B Zhang，B Hu，S H Xu，H Z Cao，M Wu，G Q Zheng. Arsenic solidification mechanism of fayalite phase in copper flash smelting slag［J］.Chinese Journal of Rare Metals，2024，48（2）：214.

［4］（罗立群，张晓雪，王洪阳. 铜渣磁选过程中元素分布行为研究［J］.中南大学学报（自然科学版），2022，53（8）：2843.）

L Q Luo，X X Zhang，H Y Wang. Distribution of elements in copper slag during magnetic separation［J］.Journal of Central South University （Science and Technology），2022，53（8）：2843.

［5］Bilginer B A，Erdogan S T. Enhancing magnesium oxalate cements with copper slag and silica fume［J］.Construction and Building Materials，2024，452：138999.

［6］（党晓娥，张婷. 草酸-草酸钠高效脱除两段焙烧氰化尾渣中赤铁矿的研究［J］.黄金，2023，44（8）：98.）

X E Dang，T Zhang. Study on the efficient leaching of hematite from two-stage roasting cyanide tailings with oxalic acid-sodium oxalate［J］.Gold，2023，44（8）：98.

［7］Hao J，Dou Z H，Wan X Y，Qi S，Wang K，Zhang T A. High-value terminal treatment：utilizing copper slag heat in the manufacture of copper-containing weathering steel［J］.Journal of Cleaner Production，2024，477：143829.

［8］Zhang B J，Niu L P，Zhang T A，Li Z Q，Zhang D L，Zheng C. Alternative reduction of copper matte in reduction process of copper slag［J］.Isij International，2017，57（5）：775.

［9］Yang Y B，Zheng H，Li B，Zhang H P，Wei Y G. Investigation of reducing magnetite in copper slag using CO-CO2［J］.Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals，2024，77（9）：2729.

［10］（杨慧芬，景丽丽，党春阁. 铜渣中铁组分的直接还原与磁选回收［J］.中国有色金属学报，2011，21（5）：1165.）

H F Yang，L L Jing，C G Dang. Iron recovery from copper-slag with lignite-based direct reduction followed by magnetic separation［J］.The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals，2011，21（5）：1165.

［11］Shi G C，Liao Y L，Su B W，Zhang Y，Wang W，Xi J J. Kinetics of copper extraction from copper smelting slag by pressure oxidative leaching with sulfuric acid［J］.Separation and Purification Technology，2020，241：116699.

［12］（孙建军，黄自力，杨蘖，刘玉飞，焦成鹏. 铜冶炼渣硫酸浸出回收铜试验研究［J］.矿产综合利用，2017，（6）：102.）

J J Sun，Z L Huang，N Yang，Y F Liu，C P Jiao. Study on recovery of copper from copper smelting slag by sulfuric acid eaching［J］.Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources，2017，（6）：102.

［13］（郭勇，秦庆伟，汤海波，郑鑫，徐艳玲，毕凡，廖广东，张亨峰. 从贫化炉水淬渣中氨浸提铜试验研究［J］.湿法冶金，2016，35（4）：320.）

Y Guo，Q W Qin，H B Tang，X Zheng，Y L Xu，F Bi，G D Liao，H F Zhang. Leaching of copper from water quenched pyrometallurgical slag by ammonia and ammonium carbonate solution［J］.Hydrometallurgy of China，2016，35（4）：320.

［14］Wang H Y，Song S X. Separation of silicon and iron in copper slag by carbothermic reduction-alkaline leaching process［J］.Journal of Central South University，2020，27（8）：2249.

［15］Wu L，Li H，Liu K，Mei H，Xia Y，Dong Y. An efficient approach to utilize copper smelting slag：separating nonferrous metals and reducing iron oxide at high temperature［J］.Waste Management，2023，172：182.

［16］Li L，Wang H，Hu J H. Smelting chlorination method applied to removal of copper from copper slags［J］.Journal of Central South University，2015，22（1）：59.

［17］（朱小磊，马昀，冯晖. 用氯酸盐从杂铜阳极泥浸铜渣中氯化浸出金钯银铅［J］.湿法冶金，2022，41（2）：108.）

X L Zhu，Y Ma，H Feng. Leaching of gold，palladium，silver and lead from leaching residue of copper anode mud using chlorate［J］.Hydrometallurgy of China，2022，41（2）：108.

［18］Chen Y，Liu S Z，Bi Z X，Li Z，Zhou F Y，Shi R F，Mu T C. Reviewing electrochemical stability of ionic liquids-/deep eutectic solvents-based electrolytes in lithium-ion，lithium-metal and post-lithium-ion batteries for green and safe energy［J］.Green Energy & Environment，2024，9（6）：966.

［19］Santhosh K N，Samage A，Mahadevaprasad K N，Aditya D S，Jayapandi S，Yoon H，Nataraj S K. Harnessing deep eutectic solvents for upcycling waste membranes into high-performance adsorbents and energy storage materials［J］.Chemical Engineering Journal，2024，484：149747.

［20］Potysz A，Pedziwiatr A，Hedwig S，Lenz M. Bioleaching and toxicity of metallurgical wastes［J］.Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering，2020，8（6）：104450.

［21］Panda S，Mishra S，Rao D S，Pradhan N，Mohapatra U，Angadi S，Mishra B K. Extraction of copper from copper slag：mineralogical insights，physical beneficiation and bioleaching studies［J］.Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering，2015，32（4）：667.

［22］Chi X P，Ye Z H，Wang H，Weng W，Zhong S P. A novel trithiocarbonate collector featuring high-temperature resistance for copper slag flotation［J］.Minerals Engineering，2023，202：108275.

［23］（汪泰，叶小璐. 从铜渣中综合回收铜、 银的浮选试验研究［J］.矿冶工程，2017，37（1）：39.）

T Wang，X L Ye. Comprehensive reclaiming of copper and silver from copper slag［J］.Mining And Metallurgical Engineeging，2017，37（1）：39.

［24］Roy S，Datta A，Rehani S. Flotation of copper sulphide from copper smelter slag using multiple collectors and their mixtures［J］.International Journal of Mineral Processing，2015，143：43.

［25］Sun J J，Zhang T F，Dong L Y，Zhu H，Shen P L，Liu D W. Eco-friendly recovery of copper from copper slag via magnetic separation followed by flotation：experimental and mechanistic insights［J］.Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering，2025，13（2）：115746.

［26］Li S W，Pan J，Zhu D Q，Guo Z Q，Xu J W，Chou J L. A novel process to upgrade the copper slag by direct reduction-magnetic separation with the addition of Na2CO3 and CaO［J］.Powder Technology，2019，347：159.

［27］Liu J，Guo R H，Shi P C，Huang L. Hydration mechanisms of composite binders containing copper slag at different temperatures［J］.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry，2019，137（6）：1919.

［28］Guo H Y，Wang Z J，An D D，Huo J Y. Collaborative design of cement-based composites incorporated with cooper slag in considerations of engineering properties and microwave-absorbing characters［J］.Journal of Cleaner Production，2021，283：124614.

［29］Sim S，Cho S，Kim G，Her S，Jin D，Bae S. Exploring the impact of copper slag on the physicochemical properties of Portland limestone cement （PLC）［J］.Journal of Building Engineering，2025，101：111964.

［31］（宋军伟，方坤河，朱街禄，陈俊. 铜矿渣混凝土强度与脆性试验研究［J］.武汉理工大学学报，2013，35（10）：33.）

J W Song，K H Fang，J L Zhu，J Chen. Test research on strength and brittleness of copper slag concrete［J］.Journal of Wuhan University of Technology，2013，35（10）：33.

［32］Din I M U，Mir M S. Effect of copper slag and reclaimed asphalt pavement on the skid resistance of asphalt mixes［J］.International Journal of Pavement Engineering，2022，23（11）：3983.

［33］Pal A C，Panda M，Bhuyan P K. Analysis of flexural fatigue for pavement quality concrete containing copper slag as replacement of river sand［J］.Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering，2024，36（1）：04023503.

［34］Shang W X，Peng Z W，Huang Y W，Gu F Q，Zhang J，Tang H M，Yang L，Tian W G，Rao M J，Li G H，Jiang T. Production of glass-ceramics from metallurgical slags［J］.Journal of Cleaner Production，2021，317：128220.

［35］Zhang L X，Liang L S，Li Y，Chen J，Cui Z Y，Qiao J Y，Zhang Z Y，Wang Z M，Xu Q，Zhao C. Preparation of lightweight foam glass-ceramics from copper slag tailings：secondary aluminum slag as pore-forming agent［J］.Ceramics International，2024，50（21）：43699.

［36］Yang T，Li Y，Zhao X Y，Yang J C. Preparation of densified glass-ceramics with less shrinkage cavities from molten copper slag by Petrurgic method［J］.Ceramics International，2023，49（12）：20998.

［37］（李然，潘洁，蒋明，徐静，朱晓敏. 黄磷炉渣和铜渣协同制备微晶玻璃［J］.人工晶体学报，2018，47（8）：1722.）

R Li，J Pan，M Jiang，J Xu，X M Zhu. Synergistic preparation of glass-ceramics from yellow phosphorus furnace slag and copper slag［J］.Journal of Synthetic Crystals，2018，47（8）：1722.

［38］Yang Z H，Ma Z H. The effect of basicity and calcium fluoride on glass-ceramic production and iron recovery from copper slag［J］.Steel Research International，2017，88（3）：1600145.

［39］Li H，Zhang W，Wang J，Yang Z，Li L，Shih K. Copper slag as a catalyst for mercury oxidation in coal combustion flue gas［J］.Waste Management，2018，74：253.

［40］Li Y K，Zhu X，Qi X J，Shu B，Zhang X，Li K Z，Wei Y G，Hao F Y，Wang H. Efficient removal of arsenic from copper smelting wastewater in form of scorodite using copper slag［J］.Journal of Cleaner Production，2020，270：122428.

［41］Zhong W Z，Hao W C，Liang S H，Zhu X S，Luo S Y，Tan W Q，Zuo Z L，Lin K S，Ren D D. Catalytic ozonation of polyethylene glycol in aqueous solution by copper slag：efficiency，active substances and mechanisms［J］.Journal of Water Process Engineering，2024，59：104958.

［42］Savale S，Bandivadekar P，Chaturbhuj G. Copper Slag as efficient catalyst for the Fenton-like reaction：conversion of alcohols to carbonyls［J］.Tetrahedron Letters，2024，147：155217.

［43］（袁晓涛，胡建杭，张凤霞，刘慧利，刘泽伟，李慧. 铜渣载镍催化剂催化气化松木屑的实验研究［J］.化工进展，2018，37（10）：3919.）

X T Yuan，J H Hu，F X Zhang，H L Liu，Z W Liu，H Li. Experimental study on the catalytic gasification of pine sawdust over nickel catalyst supported by copper slag［J］.Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress，2018，37（10）：3919.

［44］Zhang D B，Zhang Y，Cheng T. Measurement of grass root reinforcement for copper slag mixed soil using improved shear test apparatus and calculating formulas［J］.Measurement，2018，118：14-22.

［45］Mu J，Hu Z，Huang L，Xie Z，Holm P E. Preparation of a silicon-iron amendment from acid-extracted copper tailings for remediating multi-metal-contaminated soils［J］.Environmental Pollution，2020，257：113565.

［46］Zuo Z L，Feng Y，Li X T，Luo S Y，Ma J S，Sun H P，Bi X J，Yu Q B，Zhou E Z，Zhang J K，Guo J X，Lin H. Thermal-chemical conversion of sewage sludge based on waste heat cascade recovery of copper slag：mass and energy analysis［J］.Energy，2021，235：121327.

［47］Zuo Z L，Yu Q B，Liu S H，Xie H Q，Duan W J，Liu J X，Qin Q，Yang S G. Thermodynamic analysis of thermal energy recovery and direct reduction （TER-DR） system for molten copper slag［J］.Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry，2018，131（2）：1691.

［48］（王林松，高志勇，杨越，韩海生，王丽，孙伟. 铜渣综合回收利用研究进展［J］.化工进展，2021，40（10）：5237.）

L S Wang，Z Y Gao，Y Yang，H S Han，L Wang，W Sun. Research progress on comprehensive recovery and utilization of copper slag［J］.Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress，2021，40（10）：5237.

［49］（孙雪玮，王杨，胡建杭. 利用熔融分步还原法优化铜渣贫化效果及渣型结构［J］.材料导报，2019，33（s2）：505.）

X W Sun，Y Wang，J H Hu. The dilution effect and slag shape structure of copper slag optimized by melting step reduction method［J］.Materials Reports，2019，33（s2）：505.

［50］Kong F H，Xu R S，Wang A G，Hong T，Shi X Z. Effects of different activators on workability，mechanical properties and microstructure of alkali-activated slag-copper slag［J］.Construction and Building Materials，2025，463：140151.

［51］Chen X H，Ke X，Zhao Z Y，Wang D N，Duan J F，Du Y G，Ye H P，Lan J R. Copper slag-aided mechanochemical detoxification soda ash chromite ore processing residue and long-term stabilization：efficient reduction and reoccurrence inhibition of Cr（VI）［J］.Journal of Cleaner Production，2025，488：144674.

［52］Pan C，Wang Y Q，Fu C Y，Lan J R. Copper slag based catalytic material was prepared using a one-pot method to efficiently activate of peroxymonosulfate for degradation of carbamazepine［J］.Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering，2024，12（6）：114631.

［53］Segovia A V，Cardemil J M，Sancy M，Escobar R. Analysis of copper slag from a Chilean foundry for application as filler material in thermal energy storage systems［J］.Journal of Energy Storage，2025，111：115281.

Basic Information:

DOI：10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY25030014

Chinese Library Classification Number:X758

Citation Information:

The continuous growth of copper slag waste occupies a large amount of land and erodes soil, resulting in a serious waste of resources and environmental pollution. However, the abundance of valuable metals, silicates and other active components in copper slag makes it a valuable secondary resource. Recycling of copper slag can reduce the contradiction between the supply and demand of copper resources in China and reduce the dependence on primary ores, while at the same time alleviating the environmental hazards of waste and realizing the sustainable use of resources, which is of great economic and environmental significance. Therefore, in-depth study of copper smelting slag recovery and high-value utilization technology has urgency and necessity, how to achieve reasonable recovery and efficient use of copper slag has become a key issue in the field of non-ferrous metal smelting urgently needs to be resolved. This paper discussed the source, yield and nature of copper slag, and analyzes in depth the research progress of metal resource recovery technology (including fire depletion, wet leaching, beneficiation and enrichment technology) and non-metal resource utilization technology (covering building materials, functional catalysis, soil improvement and waste heat recovery). Through the discussion of these technologies, the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies were compared, and the corresponding optimization and improvement directions were proposed. Firstly, for the recovery of metal resources in copper slag, the secondary pollution caused by the reaction and the difficulty of metal separation and purification were the common problems faced by thermal depletion and wet leaching technologies. For the soot and harmful gases, efficient capture and treatment technology could be developed, and for the leaching waste liquid, electrochemical methods for resource utilization could be adopted, and a green closed-loop system could be built for the whole process of pyrolysis and wet process. For metal separation and purification, the selective dissolution of copper could be improved by adding complexing agents to inhibit the leaching of impurity metals, and at the same time, surface modifiers could be used to regulate the interfacial reaction between the copper slag and the acid solution to improve the metal selectivity of the leaching process. Secondly, for the utilization of non-metallic resources in copper slag, the application of building materials could reduce the extraction of natural sand and gravel resources, while reducing the potential threat to the environment of waste slag stockpiling, in line with the concept of sustainable development. However, most of the building materials application scenarios have heavy metal leaching risk, which on the one hand, it should be clarified that the copper smelting slag in the harmful elements of the storage pattern and migration law, through chemical stabilization and physical coating and other technical means of harmful elements for curing treatment；on the other hand, improving the relevant environmental risk assessment system, strict monitoring of the release of hazardous elements in the building materials to ensure that it met the environmental protection and use of safety standards. Again, copper slag had good stability when used for functional catalysis, thus suitable for high-temperature catalytic reaction system. As an industrial waste, it had significant economic benefits compared with precious metal catalysts. However, there was still the problem of uneven distribution of active sites and insufficient surface activity. The surface activity could be improved by nanomorphic modification and surface engineering techniques, such as acid-base treatment and mechanical force chemical treatment. In addition, the surface of copper slag could be precisely modified by atomic layer deposition or plasma treatment to enhance the uniformity and reactivity of active sites. Subsequently, there were limited problems and scenarios that could be addressed by a single type of resourcing technology, and the integration between various recovery and utilization technologies was still in the exploratory stage. Efficient all-in-one combined treatment processes should be developed, such as the recovery of valuable metals, such as metallic copper, through pyrolysis technology, combined with wet leaching for the recovery of rare precious metals, while the treated inorganic residues could be further processed into building materials；or the combination of waste heat recovery with the preparation of microcrystalline glass, which was a high-energy consuming process. Multi-technology linked process design, in the realization of the efficient recovery of metals and heat in the copper slag at the same time could also significantly reduce solid waste emissions and environmental pollution, thus enhancing the overall economic and environmental benefits.