Heat Distortion Behavior of 5356 Aluminium Alloy for High Performance Welding Wire AITranslate

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Basic Information:

DOI：10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY25010007

Chinese Library Classification Number:TB31

Citation Information:

Advances in materials science and welding technology have placed increasingly stringent demands on the performance of aluminum alloy welding wires. Currently，however，high-quality aluminum alloy welding wires produced in China still exhibit notable shortcomings，including coarse grain size，inadequate surface quality，poor wire-feeding stability，and unstable arc behavior. These deficiencies are closely associated with microstructural characteristics such as texture and recrystallization. Therefore，systematic investigation into the microstructure of aluminum alloy welding wires is essential to provide a theoretical foundation for producing high-quality wires.In this work，the cast-extruded 5356 aluminum alloy wire blanks （composition in mass fraction：5.10% Mg，0.25% Si，0.40% Fe，0.10% Cu，0.10% Zn，0.10% Mn，0.15% Cr，0.08% Ti，bal. Al） was subjected to thermal compression deformation using a Gleeble thermal simulation tester. The constitutive equation and processing map were established based on the experimental data. The microstructure and surface morphology of 5356 aluminum alloy under different deformation rates were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction （EBSD） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. This study systematically examined the evolution of grain size，grain boundaries，dynamic recrystallization，dislocation density，Schmid factor，surface morphology，and texture during hot compression.The results indicated that high temperature and low deformation rate were beneficial for the hot deformation of 5356 aluminum alloy. At true strain of ε=0.7，the safe processing window for 5356 aluminum alloy wire blank lay within the range of temperature of T=430~480 ℃ and deformation rate of $\dot{\epsilon }$=0.01~1 s⁻¹. According to the processing map，three specimens deformed under ε=0.7，T=450 ℃，$\dot{\epsilon }$=0.01，0.1 and 1 s⁻¹ were selected for EBSD analysis.Grain size was found to significantly influence texture evolution and surface quality. The average grain size of the wire blanks increased gradually with increasing deformation rate （7.47，8.55 and 9.45 μm），hindering grain rotation and grain-boundary migration and thereby affecting texture development. Moreover，finer grains improved deformation uniformity；as grain size decreased，the strain difference between grain interiors and grain-boundary regions was reduced，leading to more homogeneous deformation and better surface quality after processing. At $\dot{\epsilon }$=0.01 s⁻¹，the wire blank exhibited the smallest grain size （7.47 μm），the most uniform grain distribution，and the fewest surface defects.Dynamic recrystallization （DRX） was influenced by the combined effects of subgrains，geometrically necessary dislocations （GNDs），and the fractions of high-angle grain boundaries （HAGBs） and low-angle grain boundaries （LAGBs）. Subgrains served as the nucleation sites for DRX. With increasing deformation rate，the variation trend of HAGBs fraction coincided with that of the recrystallized zone，while opposing the trend of LAGBs fraction. HAGBs acted as favorable nucleation sites that promoted recrystallization. At $\dot{\epsilon }$=0.1 s⁻¹，the higher deformation rate increased the activation energy for deformation，enhancing dislocation multiplication and accumulation，which resulted in a denser distribution of LAGBs compared to $\dot{\epsilon }$=0.01 s^-1 condition. A further increase in deformation rate （$\dot{\epsilon }$=1 s^-1） led to pronounced work hardening and a rise in GNDs density. LAGBs continuously absorbed dislocations and eventually transformed into HAGBs. The heat generated during deformation also promoted the growth of subgrains and recrystallized grains，leading to the formation of a characteristic "necklace" structure，typical of dynamic recrystallization. Moreover，new grains in wire blank predominantly nucleated via grain-boundary bulging，confirming that discontinuous dynamic recrystallization （DDRX） was the dominant softening mechanism.During hot deformation，the wire blank was dominated by soft-oriented grains. Schmid factor values under the three deformation rates were relatively high，mainly distributed between 0.4 and 0.5，indicating that the grain orientations were favorable for slip and that processes such as grain rotation and grain-boundary migration actively occurred.With increasing deformation rate，different fiber textures transformed mutually，following the evolutionary path：<101>→<001> and <111>→<101>. Goss and P textures were interconvertible with B texture；initially，Goss and P textures transformed into B texture，and as deformation rate increased，B texture transformed back into Goss and P textures. Additionally，an increase in the recrystallized zone promoted the transformation of C，Cube_ND，and P textures into B and Q textures.Comprehensive analysis revealed that at$\dot{\epsilon }$=0.01 s⁻¹，the alloy exhibited the highest recrystallized fraction （21.9%），the smallest grain size （7.47 μm），a uniform distribution of recrystallized，subgrain，and deformed grains，and a randomized texture. Consequently，the wire blank demonstrated optimal workability under this condition. Deformation at this rate not only ensured adequate strength of the welding wire but also improved deformation homogeneity，thereby contributing to superior surface quality and overall mechanical properties.