Research Progress of Strengthening Mechanisms and Processing of Ultra-Light Magnesium-Lithium Alloys：A Review AITranslate
Abstract AITranslate
As the lightest metallic structural material （density of 1.35~1.65 g·cm-3），ultra-light magnesium-lithium alloy has shown significant application potential in aerospace，new energy vehicles，and electronic devices due to its excellent specific strength，damping performance，and electromagnetic shielding properties. For instance，in the aerospace field，magnesium-lithium alloys are widely used in the manufacturing of satellite shells and aircraft structural components because of their low density and high specific strength. In the automotive industry，the use of magnesium-lithium alloys also helps to achieve lightweighting of vehicle bodies and reduce energy consumption. In the field of electronic communications，magnesium-lithium alloys，with their superior heat dissipation performance and electromagnetic shielding capabilities，have become ideal materials for manufacturing the shells of mobile phones，laptops，and other electronic devices，effectively enhancing the stability and service life of these devices. Despite the significant application potential of magnesium-lithium alloys in many fields，their relatively low absolute strength （with tensile strength generally below 200 MPa at room temperature） is a bottleneck restricting their engineering applications. In recent years，significant progress has been made in research on strengthening mechanisms of magnesium-lithium alloys，mainly in four directions：Secondary-phase strengthening achieves performance improvement by regulating precipitated phases and dispersed phases. Precipitation strengthening is based on Orowan bypass mechanism （such as Al3Li （Mg） phase and Mg2Si phase in Mg-4Li-3 （Al-Si） alloy，which increases the tensile strength to 295 MPa） and the dislocation bypass mechanism （such as AlCuMg phase in Mg-5Li-3Al-2Zn alloy with Cu，which enhances the overall hardness of the alloy）. Dispersed strengthening introduces dispersed phases into the matrix material to form small and uniformly distributed second-phase particles，thereby hindering dislocation movement and increasing the strength and hardness of the alloy. For example，the addition of ceramic particles （such as TiB2，which increases the tensile strength of LA103 by 33.8%） or intermetallic compounds （such as the introduction of Al-Si eutectic，which increases the strength of Mg-12Li-7 （Al-Si） alloy by 80%） can significantly enhance the overall mechanical properties of the material. Solid solution strengthening relies on solute atoms （such as Zn，Y，La） to induce lattice distortion and hinder dislocation movement，making the alloy more difficult to undergo plastic deformation and thereby enhancing the overall strength of the alloy. For instance，the addition of yttrium promotes the precipitation of MgLi2Al phase and inhibits the brittle AlLi phase，but excessive lanthanum can lead to performance degradation due to brittle intergranular phases. Fine grain strengthening mainly optimizes the mechanical properties of materials through the Hall-Petch effect by refining grains. For example，rapid cooling processes can refine the grains of Mg-14Li-3Al-3Ce alloy，resulting in a yield strength of 105.5 MPa；the addition of grain refiners such as rare earth element Y can form Al2Y nanophases to control the α/β phase ratio；while elements such as Mn and Ca can enhance the overall strength of the alloy by suppressing grain boundary migration through segregation，but the addition amount must be strictly controlled to avoid eutectic embrittlement. Due to the limited effect of grain boundary strengthening，conventional plastic deformation （rolling，extrusion，etc.） has limited effects on enhancing the strength of magnesium-lithium alloys. However，the emergence of severe plastic deformation techniques （ECAP：equal channel angular pressing；HPT：high pressure torsion；ARB：accumulative roll bonding；MDF：multi-directional forging） can achieve ultrafine grain preparation to further enhance the strength of magnesium-lithium alloys. For example，the ECAP process refines the α-Mg phase of Mg-9Li alloy to 500~700 nm，resulting in a tensile strength of 206 MPa；HPT treatment reduces the grain size of LZ91 alloy from 30 μm to 230 nm and exhibits 400% superplasticity；the ultrafine-grained high-strength Mg-5Li-1Al sheet prepared by ARB has an average grain size of 100 nm and a tensile strength of up to 318 MPa while maintaining ideal plasticity. Despite a series of breakthroughs，current research and technological development still face challenges such as coarsening of precipitated phases，formation of brittle phases，high process costs，and difficulty in coordinating process parameters. On the basis of understanding the advantages and disadvantages of existing processes，integrating different strengthening mechanisms to compensate for the deficiencies of single strengthening methods and achieving the synergistic effect of different mechanisms is of great research value. In the future，efforts should be focused on multi-mechanism synergy （such as the "fine grain+precipitation+dispersion" composite system），the design of new high-entropy alloys，the integration of additive manufacturing and SPD technology，and cross-scale simulation and prediction，in order to break through the strength-plasticity inversion relationship，develop a new generation of magnesium-lithium alloy systems with low density，high strength and toughness，and corrosion resistance，and promote their large-scale application in extreme environments. This article focused on the current research status of strengthening mechanisms of magnesium-lithium alloys at home and abroad and introduced some processes. It discussed the existing problems and predicted the future development direction of magnesium-lithium alloys，with the aim of providing references and guidance for further research and practical application in this field.
KeyWords AITranslate
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Basic Information:
DOI：10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY25020013
Chinese Library Classification Number:TG146.22
Citation Information:
As the lightest metallic structural material （density of 1.35~1.65 g·cm-3），ultra-light magnesium-lithium alloy has shown significant application potential in aerospace，new energy vehicles，and electronic devices due to its excellent specific strength，damping performance，and electromagnetic shielding properties. For instance，in the aerospace field，magnesium-lithium alloys are widely used in the manufacturing of satellite shells and aircraft structural components because of their low density and high specific strength. In the automotive industry，the use of magnesium-lithium alloys also helps to achieve lightweighting of vehicle bodies and reduce energy consumption. In the field of electronic communications，magnesium-lithium alloys，with their superior heat dissipation performance and electromagnetic shielding capabilities，have become ideal materials for manufacturing the shells of mobile phones，laptops，and other electronic devices，effectively enhancing the stability and service life of these devices. Despite the significant application potential of magnesium-lithium alloys in many fields，their relatively low absolute strength （with tensile strength generally below 200 MPa at room temperature） is a bottleneck restricting their engineering applications. In recent years，significant progress has been made in research on strengthening mechanisms of magnesium-lithium alloys，mainly in four directions：Secondary-phase strengthening achieves performance improvement by regulating precipitated phases and dispersed phases. Precipitation strengthening is based on Orowan bypass mechanism （such as Al3Li （Mg） phase and Mg2Si phase in Mg-4Li-3 （Al-Si） alloy，which increases the tensile strength to 295 MPa） and the dislocation bypass mechanism （such as AlCuMg phase in Mg-5Li-3Al-2Zn alloy with Cu，which enhances the overall hardness of the alloy）. Dispersed strengthening introduces dispersed phases into the matrix material to form small and uniformly distributed second-phase particles，thereby hindering dislocation movement and increasing the strength and hardness of the alloy. For example，the addition of ceramic particles （such as TiB2，which increases the tensile strength of LA103 by 33.8%） or intermetallic compounds （such as the introduction of Al-Si eutectic，which increases the strength of Mg-12Li-7 （Al-Si） alloy by 80%） can significantly enhance the overall mechanical properties of the material. Solid solution strengthening relies on solute atoms （such as Zn，Y，La） to induce lattice distortion and hinder dislocation movement，making the alloy more difficult to undergo plastic deformation and thereby enhancing the overall strength of the alloy. For instance，the addition of yttrium promotes the precipitation of MgLi2Al phase and inhibits the brittle AlLi phase，but excessive lanthanum can lead to performance degradation due to brittle intergranular phases. Fine grain strengthening mainly optimizes the mechanical properties of materials through the Hall-Petch effect by refining grains. For example，rapid cooling processes can refine the grains of Mg-14Li-3Al-3Ce alloy，resulting in a yield strength of 105.5 MPa；the addition of grain refiners such as rare earth element Y can form Al2Y nanophases to control the α/β phase ratio；while elements such as Mn and Ca can enhance the overall strength of the alloy by suppressing grain boundary migration through segregation，but the addition amount must be strictly controlled to avoid eutectic embrittlement. Due to the limited effect of grain boundary strengthening，conventional plastic deformation （rolling，extrusion，etc.） has limited effects on enhancing the strength of magnesium-lithium alloys. However，the emergence of severe plastic deformation techniques （ECAP：equal channel angular pressing；HPT：high pressure torsion；ARB：accumulative roll bonding；MDF：multi-directional forging） can achieve ultrafine grain preparation to further enhance the strength of magnesium-lithium alloys. For example，the ECAP process refines the α-Mg phase of Mg-9Li alloy to 500~700 nm，resulting in a tensile strength of 206 MPa；HPT treatment reduces the grain size of LZ91 alloy from 30 μm to 230 nm and exhibits 400% superplasticity；the ultrafine-grained high-strength Mg-5Li-1Al sheet prepared by ARB has an average grain size of 100 nm and a tensile strength of up to 318 MPa while maintaining ideal plasticity. Despite a series of breakthroughs，current research and technological development still face challenges such as coarsening of precipitated phases，formation of brittle phases，high process costs，and difficulty in coordinating process parameters. On the basis of understanding the advantages and disadvantages of existing processes，integrating different strengthening mechanisms to compensate for the deficiencies of single strengthening methods and achieving the synergistic effect of different mechanisms is of great research value. In the future，efforts should be focused on multi-mechanism synergy （such as the "fine grain+precipitation+dispersion" composite system），the design of new high-entropy alloys，the integration of additive manufacturing and SPD technology，and cross-scale simulation and prediction，in order to break through the strength-plasticity inversion relationship，develop a new generation of magnesium-lithium alloy systems with low density，high strength and toughness，and corrosion resistance，and promote their large-scale application in extreme environments. This article focused on the current research status of strengthening mechanisms of magnesium-lithium alloys at home and abroad and introduced some processes. It discussed the existing problems and predicted the future development direction of magnesium-lithium alloys，with the aim of providing references and guidance for further research and practical application in this field.
quote
| GB/T 7714-2015 | [1] Zining Zhu, Yijie Jiang, Qinglan Huang, et al. Research Progress of Strengthening Mechanisms and Processing of Ultra-Light Magnesium-Lithium Alloys：A Review[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2026, 50(7): 1169-1183. DOI:10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY25020013. |
| MLA | [1] Zining Zhu, et al., "Research Progress of Strengthening Mechanisms and Processing of Ultra-Light Magnesium-Lithium Alloys：A Review." Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, vol. 50, no. 7, 2026, pp. 1169-1183, https://doi.org/10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY25020013. |
| APA | [1] Zining Zhu, Yijie Jiang, Qinglan Huang, Zhixin Geng, Zongde Kou, & Song Tang. (2026). Research Progress of Strengthening Mechanisms and Processing of Ultra-Light Magnesium-Lithium Alloys：A Review. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 50(7), 1169-1183. https://doi.org/10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY25020013 |
| IEEE | [1] Zining Zhu, Yijie Jiang, Qinglan Huang, Zhixin Geng, Zongde Kou, and Song Tang, "Research Progress of Strengthening Mechanisms and Processing of Ultra-Light Magnesium-Lithium Alloys：A Review," Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 1169-1183, 2026, doi: 10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY25020013. keywords: {magnesium-lithium alloy;strengthening mechanism;plastic deformation} |