Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Metal Ultrasonic Vibration-GTA Welding Joints with Ultrasonic Application Position AITranslate

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Basic Information:

DOI：10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY24110026

Chinese Library Classification Number:TL341

Citation Information:

Nuclear power equipment extensively employs metallic materials such as nickel-based alloys and austenitic stainless steel due to their excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. These materials are widely used in pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants，where welding dissimilar metals inevitably poses technical challenges. Dissimilar metal welded joints are commonly located in critical components of nuclear power systems，and their reliability directly influences the safe and stable operation of the plant. Achieving high-quality welding between dissimilar metals in nuclear applications is a complex and technically demanding task with stringent quality requirements，which remains a key focus in nuclear power manufacturing. The primary difficulty stems from differences in the physical and chemical properties of the dissimilar metals，leading to significant chemical and metallurgical in homogeneity during welding，as well as discontinuities in mechanical properties. These discontinuities readily induce welding defects，particularly during the solidification of the molten pool where element segregation often occurs. In welds between nickel-based alloys and austenitic stainless steel，segregation of strengthening elements such as niobium and molybdenum is frequently observed. The depletion of these elements not only weakens the material but also generates internal stresses that can promote crack formation，further degrading the tensile strength，fatigue resistance，creep resistance，and toughness of the weld. Given the advantageous characteristics of ultrasound—including high frequency，cavitation effects，and efficient energy transmission through materials—the incorporation of ultrasound into welding processes has attracted considerable research interest worldwide. In this paper，the butt welding of Inconel 718 alloy and 316L stainless steel dissimilar metal plates using the ultrasonic vibration-gas tungsten arc （UV-GTA） welding process was systematically investigated. Ultrasound was applied during welding to examine its effects on macroscopic morphology，microstructure，microhardness，and tensile properties. The roles of ultrasonic mechanical vibration，acoustic streaming，and cavitation in stirring the molten pool were explored，aiming to address issues such as elemental segregation and to enhance weld quality and stability. The findings were expected to demonstrate the potential of UV-GTA for dissimilar metal welding，broaden the application of ultrasonic-assisted arc welding techniques，and provide theoretical and technical support for the safe and reliable operation of nuclear power equipment. The results indicated that conventional GTA welds exhibited poor quality，with severe undercut and edge-biting defects on the joint surface. The average hardness of the weld zone was HV 190，and the tensile strength was the lowest among all samples，measuring only 539 MPa. Fracture surface analysis revealed an uneven distribution of dimple sizes，along with significant enrichment of elements such as Nb，Cr，and Mo in second-phase particles. In contrast，UV-GTA welded joints effectively suppressed undercut defects and improved process stability. The weld appearance was smoother，more continuous，and free from spatter or crater defects. The average hardness of the weld zone increased to HV 230. Moreover，ultrasonic vibration inhibited the formation of Laves phase and reduced the segregation of elements like Cr and Nb，which otherwise adversely affected mechanical properties. The maximum tensile strength reached 690 MPa，20% higher than that of GTA welded joints. These results underscored the considerable potential of UV-GTA method for welding thin dissimilar metals.