Research Progress on Lightning Strike Protection Materials for Aircraft AITranslate

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Basic Information:

DOI：10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY25050006

Chinese Library Classification Number:TL344

Citation Information:

Currently，composite materials，such as carbon fiber materials，have become key materials in the aviation field due to their low density，high specific strength，high specific modulus，and excellent structural design flexibility. Compared with metallic materials，while meeting aircraft structural design requirements，carbon fiber composites offer distinct advantages in weight reduction，significantly improving the economic efficiency of aircraft. However，the electrical conductivity of these composite materials is markedly inferior to that of metals，preventing them from rapidly dissipating current like metallic materials when struck by lightning. This results in damage to carbon fiber composites，affecting aircraft flight safety. Therefore，to ensure flight safety，carbon fiber composites must undergo treatment to enhance their lightning protection capabilities. To enhance the lightning strike protection （LSP）capability of carbon fiber composites，the most mature solution involves metallic protective layers. These products utilize metals such as copper or aluminum to create either embedded conductive meshes or surface-coated conductive layers on the composite substrate. This approach improves the composite material's conductivity，mitigates localized thermal ablation caused by heat accumulation，and reduces lightning-induced damage. However，metallic protective materials present drawbacks，including excessive weight and poor interfacial bonding with carbon fiber composites，necessitating the development of alternative solutions. In comparison to metallic LSP materials，non-metallic alternatives like graphene and carbon nanotube-based protective layers offer significantly lower density and superior weight reduction advantages. While these materials demonstrate excellent theoretical performance at the nanoscale，their macroscopic assemblies often exhibit substantially compromised properties，with conductivity remaining orders of magnitude below that of metals. Their lightning protection effectiveness still lags considerably behind commercial copper mesh solutions. To address these limitations，numerous researchers are conducting modification treatments to enhance these non-metallic materials，aiming to meet the dual requirements of high conductivity and current-carrying capacity for protective layers. Importantly，beyond material modification，the manufacturing processes significantly influence the final product's performance. Therefore，the synergistic integration of material innovation and process optimization serves as both a pathway for performance enhancement and an effective strategy for promoting industrial applications. With continuous technological advancements and the implementation of more engineering solutions，carbon-based composites are demonstrating strong potential to become the next-generation LSP materials. Their superior performance characteristics，excellent modifiability，outstanding weight reduction effects，and considerable development potential suggest promising application prospects in this field. The future development of aircraft LSP materials will be characterized by distinct interdisciplinary integration and deep technological convergence. The development of multifunctional carbon fiber composites will expand material performance across multiple dimensions and create cross-domain application value，overcoming the traditional trade-offs between added weight and compromised strength for functional requirements. This systemic innovation will achieve the coexistence of lightweight and high-strength properties，synergistic functional optimization，and manufacturing process revolution in composite materials，providing novel solutions for overall aircraft performance enhancement. Artificial intelligence-powered lightning simulation technology is driving revolutionary changes in aircraft LSP design，enabling optimal protection performance. We firmly believe that aircraft LSP materials will embrace even broader development prospects，providing robust support for the safety，efficiency，and sustainable development of the aviation industry.