Progress in Preparation Process of PEMFC Titanium Bipolar Plates AITranslate

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Basic Information:

DOI：10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY23100003

Chinese Library Classification Number:TM911.4

Citation Information:

With the increase of energy consumption and the depletion of resources，developing and finding alternative energy sources is the key to alleviate these problems. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells （PEMFC） is widely used in automotive field with its advantages of green and high resource utilization，which is one of the ultimate solutions for clean energy vehicles and has attracted much attention in recent years. PEMFC is an ideal power source for new energy vehicles and has attracted much attention in recent years. Usually，PEMFC components are mainly composed of membrane electrode assembly，bipolar plate and seals，of which the bipolar plate is one of the key multifunctional components in PEMFC，which accounts for about 80% of the total mass of the stack and 45% of the cost. Therefore，the preparation of low-cost，small size，high-performance bipolar plate is decisive for PEMFC power density，service life，etc. Currently，the bipolar plate can be used as an electrode for PEMFC，which can be used for PEMFC. At present，the materials that can be used as bipolar plates are graphite bipolar plates，metal bipolar plates and composite bipolar plates，and the most promising is the metal bipolar plate. Among them，titanium bipolar plate has high specific strength，corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity，and has great application prospects in PEMFC bipolar plate. Due to the presence of a certain amount of F⁻ and H⁺ in PEMFC environment，it is difficult for the unmodified titanium bipolar plates to meet the requirements of fuel cells，and the poor mechanical properties of titanium lead to the difficulty of guaranteeing the bipolar plates in terms of the forming quality and the assembly accuracy. Therefore，it is urgent to modify its surface and optimize its forming process. This review firstly introduced the characteristics of the three commonly used bipolar plate materials，and then mainly described the conductive corrosion resistance of titanium metal in PEMFC environment，and it was found that TC4 and TA2 had poorer corrosion resistance and higher interfacial contact resistance in the acidic and F⁻containing environment. In the surface modification of titanium bipolar plates，the advantages and disadvantages as well as the application prospects of surface modification technologies such as physical vapor deposition （PVD），chemical vapor deposition （CVD），electroplating and chemical plating，gas nitriding and plasma nitriding were reviewed. These modification processes enabled the preparation of carbon coatings，transition metal carbide coatings，transition metal nitride coatings，noble metal coatings，conductive polymers and other coatings. Among them，PVD technology had the advantages of non-polluting environment，low film-forming temperature，high film-forming efficiency，etc.，which had a greater potential for application in the surface modification of metal bipolar plates compared with several other modification methods. However，monolayer coatings prepared by conventional PVD technology still suffered from many defect problems such as holes and cracks. Therefore，many researchers had chosen to prepare multilayer composite coatings on the surface of metal bipolar plates so that to reduce the pathway of corrosive fluid intrusion，or to carry out elemental doping in the coatings so as to inhibit the generation of transition metal nitrides，which were better solutions to such problems. In addition，with the continuous development and innovation of film-forming technology，there were many new PVD technologies，these technologies could give the ions higher energy and ion ratio，so that the preparation of the monolayer coating was dense and uniform，with good bonding，which was currently one of the ideal coating preparation processes. In the forming of titanium bipolar plates，the differences in mechanical properties between titanium and stainless steel were compared. Due to the poor mechanical properties of titanium metal，poor forming limit and large rebound deformation，the traditional forming method was no longer suitable for titanium bipolar plates，so there was an urgent need to optimize and innovate the forming process of titanium bipolar plates. Therefore，this paper reviewed the characteristics of electromagnetic forming，three-dimensional （3D） printing forming，multi-stage stamping forming and rubber forming and their development prospects from the perspectives of forming limit and forming performance of titanium bipolar plates. It was found that all four optimized forming methods were able to form ultra-thin titanium sheets without fracture，deformation or rebound of the formed sheets，which could make the formed bipolar plate can meet the demand of automobile light weight while satisfying the performance，which was of great significance for the future development of titanium bipolar plate forming process. At present，the main problems faced by titanium bipolar plates were still the surface modification process and forming process. Surface modification should start from the cost of preparation process，cycle time and coating structure of titanium bipolar plate surface coating，using low-cost coating materials （such as amorphous carbon，metal carbon nitride） ，through the design of multi-layer structure，reduce the total thickness of the coating，to achieve the effect of improving the coating performance and shorten the preparation cycle. As for the forming process，it mainly focused on the forming of titanium bipolar plates. As the precision and complexity of the bipolar plate flow field increased，the demand for titanium forming capabilities continued to rise，so it was necessary to carry out research from the alloy design of titanium alloys and the forming process （method，temperature，lubricant） ，etc.，to improve the forming ability and dimensional accuracy of titanium metal bipolar plates.