Regulating the Intermediate Process of Zinc–Bismuth Batteries by Iodide Ions AITranslate

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DOI：https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01407

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Neutral aqueous electrolytes are more compatible with the anode of zinc metal batteries than alkaline electrolytes. Previous reports have shown that Zn||Bi2O3 batteries with mild electrolytes have not been able to function effectively, though Bi2O3 stands out as a promising cathode material with a low cost and potentially high capacity. Herein, iodide ions are introduced as a multifunctional electrolyte additive, allowing for a reversible multielectron conversion reaction of Bi(0) ↔ Bi(III) in mild aqueous electrolyte. Iodide ions significantly alter the intermediate reaction steps, leading to a kinetically favorable mechanism through coordination with Bi3+ to continuously refresh and activate the interface. The resulting secondary neutral Zn||Bi2O3 battery delivers a high specific capacity (1960 mAh cm–3), exceptional rate performance, and remarkable cycling stability (1225 mAh cm–3 at 10 A g–1, retaining 85% after 1500 cycles) with the conversion efficiency close to 100% per cycle. This work provides an energetic perspective for reversible battery chemistry.