Preparation and Electrocatalytic Performance Study of High Current Density Integrated Skeleton Ni-Based Compound Materials AITranslate

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Basic Information:

DOI：10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY23120005

Chinese Library Classification Number:O611.6

Citation Information:

In recent years，hydrogen as an energy carrier has attracted more and more attention with the increasing pressure of global climate change. According to the International Hydrogen Council，by 2050，hydrogen is expected to account for 18% of global energy demand，which is expected to help reduce global CO₂ emissions by 6 billion tons per year. Hydrogen energy is one of the cleanest energy sources in the world and plays a vital role in the future energy transition. The traditional hydrogen production technology utilizes fossil raw materials （coal，natural gas，etc.）and hydrogen production by hydroelectricity are mature and are the main ways of hydrogen production at present. However，hydrogen production from fossil raw materials and hydroelectricity based on traditional electricity inevitably has direct or indirect greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental problems. At the same time，the scale of renewable energy generation，such as hydropower，wind power，and solar power，has rapidly increased. Water electrolysis hydrogen production from renewable energy electricity is a near-zero carbon emission hydrogen production method，which is an important way to achieve low-carbon environmental protection hydrogen production. Hydrogen production by electrolytic water will be the core technology of the hydrogen production industry in the future，which has high social and economic benefits. However，in the process of electrolyzing water，the main factor affecting the low efficiency of hydrogen production is the high overpotential of cathodic hydrogen evolution reaction （HER）and anodic oxygen evolution reaction （OER），which leads to high energy consumption and is a bottleneck that restricts its development. The main way to improve electrolysis efficiency while keeping the equipment basically unchanged is to reduce the high overpotential of the electrode. Therefore，it is urgent to find new electrode materials with high catalytic activity. In the past two decades，the means of designing and developing catalytic materials had been enhanced，which had provided an increasing number of inexpensive and highly active catalysts for alkaline water electrolysis with outstanding hydrogen and oxygen evolution properties at low current densities. To achieve the large-scale application of electrode materials in commercial hydrogen production，the water decomposition performance under high current density is equally important. High current density means the generation of a large number of bubbles，and the occupation of active sites by bubbles will hinder effective electrolyte contact and cause an Ohmic drop，thereby reducing the hydrogen production rate. In addition，high current density causes cracking，pulverization，and detachment of the catalytic layer of traditional catalysts and substrate materials，this can be attributed to the fact that with the prolongation of usage time，the binding force between the catalytic layer and substrate decreases，the impedance between electrode and electrolyte increases，and the stability becomes weaker. These problems are caused by the low intrinsic activity of the material. At high current density，the catalyst not only depends on its intrinsic activity，but also on the surface geometry of catalytic material. Considering that the actual reaction of electrolyzed water occurs at surface active sites of the catalyst，to increase the number of active sites per unit area of the catalyst，a three-dimensional structure can be constructed and porous or defective materials can be created to increase the specific surface area of the electrocatalyst and shorten the transmission pathways between active sites. Usually，3D porous structure electrodes，such as commercial foam nickel，are used to increase the active specific surface area and promote mass transfer. However，under the condition of high current density water decomposition，the electrode with foam nickel pore structure will hinder the bubble movement，thus forming a physical barrier at the electrode/electrolyte interface，reducing the number of effective active sites and hydrogen production rate. Therefore，the existing commercial foam nickel is still unable to meet the development trend of high electrical density and low energy consumption. In the process of seeking to replace high-performance nickel-based catalysts，nickel-based sulfides have attracted a lot of attention for their excellent properties and abundant electronic structures. However，pure nickel sulfide has poor electrical conductivity，less exposure to active centers，and low intrinsic activity，and still faces some problems in catalytic applications，so it is necessary to use nickel-based materials containing other transition metal elements to improve its short plate. To improve the problems of low current density，easy cracking，pulverization，and detachment of the catalytic layer in nickel-based hydrogen evolution electrodes，a two-step method of surface modification in situ growth was adopted to prepare a high current density integrated skeleton Ni-based compound. Different amounts of thiourea （10，20，30，40 g）were investigated，and the characterization results showed that when the amount of thiourea was 40 g，the material exhibited a round stem cluster-like fiber morphology. The test results showed that the material exhibited good hydrogen evolution catalytic activity at 95 ℃ and 30 wt% KOH electrolyte. At current densities of 500，850，and 1000 mA·cm^‒2，the hydrogen evolution overpotentials of the material were 338，438，and 478 mV，respectively.