Myoglobin produced by fermentation using engineered Komagataella phaffii is an important color additive in meat analogue products, but its allergenicity is poorly understood. Here, we initially searched the Allergen Online database and did not find any allergic or cross-reactive proteins in porcine myoglobin (PM). In vitro simulated digestion demonstrated that PM did not exhibit notable acid-base resistance or anti-digestion capabilities. However, sensitization was observed in BALB/c mice, including a significant increase in specific antibodies and biomarkers for allergic reactions, as well as alterations in gut microbiome and serum metabolome. Interestingly, the intensity of sensitization exhibited a negative correlation with the purity of PM. 60% and 88% purities showed weaker sensitization compared to the ovalbumin control group. These allergic reactions were likely due to the non-myoglobin protein portion, highlighting the importance of purification processes and the urgent need to assess the allergenicity of this portion. Graphical abstract Download: Download high-res image (434KB) Download: Download full-size image

To investigate whether genetic variants may provide additional prognostic value to improve the existing clinical staging system for gastric cancer (GC), we performed two genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of GC survival in the Jiangsu ( N = 1049) and Shanghai ( N = 1405) cohorts. By using a TCGA dataset, we validated genetic markers identified from a meta-analysis of these two Chinese cohorts to determine GC survival-associated loci. Then, we constructed a weighted polygenic hazard score (PHS) and developed a nomogram in combination with clinical variables. We also evaluated prognostic accuracy with the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). We identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of rs1618332 at 15q15.1 that was associated with the survival of GC patients with a P value of 4.12 × 10 −8, and we also found additional 25 SNPs having consistent associations among these two Chinese cohort and TCGA cohort. The PHS derived from these 26 SNPs (PHS-26) was an independent prognostic factor for GC survival (all P < 0.001). The 5-year AUC of PHS-26 was 0.68, 0.66 and 0.67 for Jiangsu, Shanghai and their pooled cohorts, respectively, which increased to 0.80, 0.82 and 0.81, correspondingly, after being integrated into a nomogram together with variables of the clinical model. The PHS-26 could improve the NRIs by 16.20%, 4.90% and 8.70%, respectively, and the IDIs by 11.90%, 8.00% and 9.70%, respectively. The 26-SNP based PHS could substantially improve the accuracy of prognostic assessment and might facilitate precision medicine for GC patients. Graphical abstract Download: Download high-res image (248KB) Download: Download full-size image

Multiscale visualization of human anatomical structures is revolutionizing clinical diagnosis and treatment. As one of the most promising clinical diagnostic techniques, photoacoustic imaging (PAI), or optoacoustic imaging, bridges the spatial-resolution gap between pure optical and ultrasonic imaging techniques, by the modes of optical illumination and acoustic detection. PAI can non-invasively capture multiple optical contrasts from the endogenous agents such as oxygenated/deoxygenated hemoglobin, lipid and melanin or a variety of exogenous specific biomarkers to reveal anatomy, function, and molecular for biological tissues in vivo, showing significant potential in clinical diagnostics. In 2001, the worldwide first clinical prototype of the photoacoustic system was used to screen breast cancer in vivo, which opened the prelude to photoacoustic clinical diagnostics. Over the past two decades, PAI has achieved monumental discoveries and applications in human imaging. Progress towards preclinical/clinical applications includes breast, skin, lymphatics, bowel, thyroid, ovarian, prostate, and brain imaging, etc., and there is no doubt that PAI is opening new avenues to realize early diagnosis and precise treatment of human diseases. In this review, the breakthrough researches and key applications of photoacoustic human imaging in vivo are emphatically summarized, which demonstrates the technical superiorities and emerging applications of photoacoustic human imaging in clinical diagnostics, providing clinical translational orientations for the photoacoustic community and clinicians. The perspectives on potential improvements of photoacoustic human imaging are finally highlighted.

Highlights • Compact model of nanowire/nanosheet gate-all-around MOSFETs with quantum effects in focus. • Surface potential-based modeling formulations with energy quantization to characterize staircase behavior of capacitance. • Compact model implementation with Verilog-A, and compatible with circuit simulators for designs. • Model accuracy, scalability and convergence verified against numerical simulations as well as Si data. ABSTRACT In this work, a surface-potential based compact model focusing on the quantum confinement effects of ultimately scaled gate-all-around (GAA) MOSFET is presented. Energy quantization with sub-band formation along the radius direction of cylindrical GAAs or thickness direction of nanosheet GAAs leads to significant quantization effects. An analytical model of surface potentials is developed by solving the Poisson equation with incorporating sub-band effects. In combination with the existing transport model framework, charge-voltage and current-voltage formulations are developed based on the surface potential. The model formulations are then extensively validated using TCAD numerical simulations as well as Si data of nanosheet GAA MOSFETs. Simulations of typical circuits verify the model robustness and convergence for its applications in GAA technology. Graphical Download: Download high-res image (162KB) Download: Download full-size image

Compared with silicon, gallium nitride, silicon carbide, and other traditional semiconductors, gallium oxide (Ga 2O 3) who possesses, an ultrawide bandgap of approximately 5.0 eV and a higher breakdown field strength of approximately 8 MV/cm has attracted increasing attention from researchers, especially for the potential application in power devices. Moreover, Ga 2O 3 material has natural ultraviolet detection ability for photodetectors due to its ultrawide bandgap. These future commercial applications put forward an urgent require for high-quality epitaxial Ga 2O 3 material in an efficient growth method at a lower cost. Although there are some conventional methods for single crystal Ga 2O 3 film epitaxial growth such as MBE and MOCVD, these methods always need a vacuum growth environment and expensive equipment. As a fast-growing method, Mist-CVD gives the growth of Ga 2O 3 in a vacuum-free, process-simple, and low-cost method, which will greatly reduce the cost and facilitate the development of Ga 2O 3. This review has summarizes the Mist-CVD epitaxy growth mechanism of Ga 2O 3, recent progress in the Ga 2O 3 film epitaxial growth, and various device properties based on the Mist-CVD method. Our work aims to provide help for the development of Ga 2O 3 material growth and device applications.

In recent years, the emergence of numerous applications of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked a new technological revolution. These applications include facial recognition, autonomous driving, intelligent robotics, and image restoration. However, the data processing and storage procedures in the conventional von Neumann architecture are discrete, which leads to the “memory wall” problem. As a result, such architecture is incompatible with AI requirements for efficient and sustainable processing. Exploring new computing architectures and material bases is therefore imperative. Inspired by neurobiological systems, in-memory and in-sensor computing techniques provide a new means of overcoming the limitations inherent in the von Neumann architecture. The basis of neural morphological computation is a crossbar array of high-density, high-efficiency non-volatile memory devices. Among the numerous candidate memory devices, ferroelectric memory devices with non-volatile polarization states, low power consumption and strong endurance are expected to be ideal candidates for neuromorphic computing. Further research on the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility for these devices is underway and has yielded favorable results. Herein, we first introduce the development of ferroelectric materials as well as their mechanisms of polarization reversal and detail the applications of ferroelectric synaptic devices in artificial neural networks. Subsequently, we introduce the latest developments in ferroelectrics-based in-memory and in-sensor computing. Finally, we review recent works on hafnium-based ferroelectric memory devices with CMOS process compatibility and give a perspective for future developments. Graphical abstract Download: Download high-res image (286KB) Download: Download full-size image